This study examines differences in exercise addiction and behavioral regulation between recreational exercisers and licensed athletes by considering demographic, behavioral, and motivational factors. Using a comparative and quantitative research model, the study analyzes group-based differences through structured measurement tools. The sample consisted of 350 adults (152 recreational exercisers and 198 licensed athletes). Data were collected through online and face-to-face surveys using the Personal Information Form, the Exercise Behavioral Regulation Scale-2 (EBRS-2), and the Exercise Addiction Scale (EAS). Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were applied, supported by post-hoc tests, and all scales demonstrated acceptable reliability. The findings showed that gender did not significantly affect exercise addiction in either group. However, recreational male participants scored higher on the External Regulation subscale, indicating stronger externally driven motivation, while licensed male athletes scored higher in Amotivation. Exercise intensity produced meaningful differences: recreational exercisers training at moderate or low intensity scored higher on the Postponement of Individual–Social Needs and Conflict subscale, suggesting greater difficulty balancing exercise with daily responsibilities. Licensed athletes also showed higher Excessive Focus and Postponement scores at lower intensities. Exercise experience (≤3 vs. ≥4 years) did not significantly influence addiction or motivational regulation, though less experienced recreational exercisers showed slightly higher conflict-related tendencies. Weekly training frequency had limited effects. Recreational participants training 3–4 times per week exhibited higher Excessive Focus levels than those training less frequently, and greater amotivation compared to individuals exercising five or more times weekly. Among licensed athletes, weekly frequency did not create meaningful differences. Overall, the findings indicate that demographic and training-related variables only partially shape exercise addiction, with stronger effects seen among recreational exercisers. The study emphasizes the need to differentiate between recreational and professional athletes when evaluating addictive tendencies and motivational regulation in exercise contexts.