1 Department of Coaching, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15100, Türkiye
2 Department of Management, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07000, Türkiye
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship scores among sport sciences students and whether these scores differed by selected demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 200 students (120 men, 80 women) from the Faculty of Sport Sciences at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. Data were collected using a personal information form and the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Scales (Cronbach's α = 0.954 and 0.946, respectively). Year of study was defined as the undergraduate year in which students were enrolled (1st–4th year). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, independent-samples t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Innovation and entrepreneurship scores were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.76, p < 0.001). Male students had higher innovation (p = 0.038) and entrepreneurship (p = 0.034) scores than female students. No significant differences were observed by age group, year of study, sport branch, self-reported entrepreneurship knowledge, or monthly income (all p > 0.05). The findings show that innovation and entrepreneurship are closely related in this sample and that, among the demographic characteristics examined, only gender was associated with a small difference; given the cross-sectional design, the results should not be interpreted causally.
Kucukalpelli, F., & Varol, I. (2026). Examining the entrepreneurship and innovation levels of faculty of sport sciences students in terms of demographic variables. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 17(65), 1141–1149. https://doi.org/10.70736/ijoess.2287
📄Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. [Crossref]
📄Bilge, H., & Bal, V. (2012). Girişimcilik eğilimi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi öğrencileri üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (16), 131–148. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbe/issue/23175/247536
📄Buyrukoğlu, E., Özdemir, M., & Yurtsever, A. (2023). Examining innovation and entrepreneurship in the sports sector. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 4(2), 559–572. [Crossref]
📄Çermik, F., & Şahin, İ. F. (2015). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni adaylarının sosyal girişimcilik özelliklerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Current Research in Education, 1(2), 76–88.
📄Doğaner, M., & Altunoğlu, A. E. (2010). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi İşletme Bölümü öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 103–110. https://izlik.org/JA43YC36ME
📄Drucker, P. F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. Harper & Row.
📄Eroğlu, Ş. G., & Avcı, U. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerine boylamsal bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(4), 3607–3621. [Crossref]
📄Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93. [Crossref]
📄George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10th ed.). Pearson.
📄González-Serrano, M. H., Añó Sanz, V., & González-García, R. J. (2020a). Sustainable sport entrepreneurship and innovation: A bibliometric analysis of this emerging field of research. Sustainability, 12(12), 5209. [Crossref]
📄González-Serrano, M. H., Crespo Hervás, J., Pérez-Campos, C., & Calabuig, F. (2017). The importance of developing the entrepreneurial capacities in sport sciences university students. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 9(4), 625–640. [Crossref]
📄González-Serrano, M. H., González-García, R. J., Carvalho, M. J., & Calabuig, F. (2021). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of sports sciences students: A cross-cultural approach. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100322. [Crossref]
📄González-Serrano, M. H., Jones, P., & Llanos-Contrera, O. (2020b). An overview of sport entrepreneurship field: A bibliometric analysis of the articles published in the Web of Science. Sport in Society, 23(2), 296–314. [Crossref]
📄Hammerschmidt, J., González-Serrano, M. H., Puumalainen, K., & Calabuig, F. (2024). Sport entrepreneurship: The role of innovation and creativity in sport management. Review of Managerial Science, 18(11), 3173–3202. [Crossref]
📄Hammerschmidt, J., Kraus, S., & Jones, P. (2022). Sport entrepreneurship: Definition and conceptualization. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 32(2), 1–10. [Crossref]
📄Jones, P., & Jones, A. (2014). Attitudes of sports development and sports management undergraduate students towards entrepreneurship: A university perspective towards best practice. Education + Training, 56(8/9), 716–732. [Crossref]
📄Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
📄Karataş, İ. (2018). Examining the effects of personality traits of physical education and sports college students on their entrepreneurial tendencies: The case of Bartın University [Yüksek lisans tezi, Bartın Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
📄Kuratko, D. F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577–598. [Crossref]
📄Lara-Bocanegra, A., Bohórquez, M. R., & García-Fernández, J. (2022). Innovation from sport's entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: Opportunities from a systematic review. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 23(5), 863–880. [Crossref]
📄Liñán, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: Citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907–933. [Crossref]
📄Liu, T., Lipowski, M., Xue, Y., Xiao, T., Liu, H., Xu, R., …et al. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurship education of entrepreneurs on the entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors from the perspective of pedagogy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 727831. [Crossref]
📄Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211–224. [Crossref]
📄Mohammadkazemi, R., Rasekh, N., & Navid, M. (2016). The effect of entrepreneurial competencies on innovation: A case study of professional sport clubs. International Business Research, 9(11), 57–64. [Crossref]
📄Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277–299. [Crossref]
📄Naktiyok, A. (2004). İç girişimcilik. Beta Basım Yayım.
📄OECD/Eurostat. (2018). Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for collecting, reporting and using data on innovation (4th ed.). OECD Publishing. [Crossref]
📄Pellegrini, M. M., Rialti, R., Marzi, G., & Caputo, A. (2020). Sport entrepreneurship: A synthesis of existing literature and future perspectives. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 795–826. [Crossref]
📄Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. [Crossref]
📄Poggesi, S., Mari, M., & De Vita, L. (2016). What's new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(3), 735–764. [Crossref]
📄Raposo, M., & do Paço, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Relationship between education and entrepreneurial activity. Psicothema, 23(3), 453–457.
📄Ratten, V. (2011a). Sport-based entrepreneurship: Towards a new theory of entrepreneurship and sport management. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 57–69. [Crossref]
📄Ratten, V. (2011b). International sports management: Current trends and future developments. Thunderbird International Business Review, 53(6), 679–686. [Crossref]
📄Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Harvard University Press.
📄Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. [Crossref]
📄Shinnar, R. S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012). Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493. [Crossref]
📄Shinnar, R., Pruett, M., & Toney, B. (2009). Entrepreneurship education: Attitudes across campus. Journal of Education for Business, 84(3), 151–159. [Crossref]
📄Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566–591. [Crossref]
📄Tekin, M., Etlioğlu, M., & Tekin, E. (2018). Kamu kurumlarında inovasyon ve girişimcilik [Innovation and entrepreneurship in public institutions]. Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 111–130. [Crossref]
📄Tjønndal, A. (2017). Sport innovation: Developing a typology. European Journal for Sport and Society, 14(4), 291–310. [Crossref]
📄Uddin, M. A., Mohammad, S., & Hammami, S. (2016). Influence of demographic factors on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Oman. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 13(1-1), 215–220. [Crossref]
📄Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406. [Crossref]
📄Yapar, İ. (2015). The importance of innovation and innovation in SMEs: The case of Kayseri province [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].
📄Yılmaz, E., & Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik girişimcilik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21, 195–203. https://izlik.org/JA63GU95JL
📄Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272. [Crossref]