Open Access

Zulef in the Qur᾽ān as a phenomenon beyond proximity: Its semantic boundaries and theological layers

1 Department of Basic Islamic Sciences, Bayburt University, Türkiye
2 Department of Fundamental Islamic Studies, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye

Abstract

Within the linguistic fabric of the Qurʾān, words that appear synonymous often acquire distinct semantic nuances through their contextual usage, reflecting the inimitability (iʿjāz) of the divine discourse. Although the concept of proximity is generally expressed by the root q-r-b (qurb) and its derivatives, the Qurʾān employs the term zulef exclusively in verses describing the bringing near of Paradise to the God-conscious (muttaqūn). This lexical preference is significant because the subject of the action is not the believers approaching Paradise, but Paradise itself being brought near to them. Such an expression signifies not merely the reduction of physical distance but also a mode of divine presentation characterized by honor, favor, and grace. This article examines the semantic field of zulef and its conceptual framework in both the classical tafsīr tradition and ishārī exegesis. It aims to clarify the physical, temporal, and ontological dimensions of the proximity denoted by the term and to identify the qualitative distinctions that separate it from the concept of qurb. In the exegetical tradition, izlāf al-jannah has generally been interpreted as part of the eschatological process. However, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) was the first exegete to discuss explicitly its spatial dimension and its qualitative distinction, thereby introducing a methodological perspective that influenced subsequent commentators. Adopting a qualitative research methodology, this study employs conceptual analysis and comparative textual analysis. The absence of an independent study devoted specifically to this concept constitutes the article’s principal original contribution. The findings demonstrate that the proximity expressed by zulef encompasses temporal, spatial, and metaphysical dimensions. Rather than indicating simple closeness, it represents a threshold of wuṣlah (union) and a distinctive manifestation of divine grace. Accordingly, izlāf al-jannah is analyzed through a threefold classification-eschatological, spatial, and metaphysical proximity-revealing the multilayered semantic structure and theological significance of the concept within Qurʾānic discourse.

Keywords

How to Cite

Aras, Z., & Demir, H. (2026). Zulef in the Qur᾽ān as a phenomenon beyond proximity: Its semantic boundaries and theological layers. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 17(65), 1208–1218. https://doi.org/10.70736/ijoess.2445

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