The International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences

A longitudinal study on the transformation of privacy in Türkiye: Family, divorce, sexuality

Aylin Cicekli — 2025-03-15

The family, as one of the most ancient institutions, serves as the individual’s first window to the world. Since the existence of the first human, this institution has undergone various transformations, adapting to changes over time. While defining a universal concept of “family” remains challenging, especially in the post-industrial society, the world has witnessed rapid transformations. With the advancement of information technologies, the traditional family structure has shifted, evolving from a unit focused solely on reproduction, meeting physiological needs, providing shelter, and fostering mutual responsibilities among its members, to a dynamic institution that adapts to the demands and conditions of its era. Through the processes of modernization and postmodernization, societal norms regarding the family have experienced significant transformations. In traditional societies, marriage functioned as more than a personal bond; it played a crucial role in maintaining social order. However, modernization has redefined this relationship through increasing individualism and the quest for freedom. The proliferation of mass communication tools has made issues such as gender roles, sexuality, divorce, out-of-wedlock childbirth, and restructured families more visible. Consequently, the concepts of family and marriage have become more fluid and dynamic. These changes not only reflect shifts in individual life practices but also mirror the transformation of societal values. This study aims to illustrate how family-related values, judgments, and diversity have evolved over time. Utilizing quantitative research methods, a longitudinal analysis was conducted based on data from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th waves of the World Values Survey. Secondary data analysis was performed using SPSS software, employing chi-square tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous measures over the years. The analyses revealed an increase in individualism and flexibility in family relationships. However, traditional perceptions, such as the societal role of women and the emphasis on motherhood, were found to change at a slower pace.

Evaluation of the perspectives of university students enrolled in sign language courses toward the course and individuals with hearing-speech impairments: A qualitative study

Aysel Tekgoz Obuz — 2025-03-15

The study aimed to explore the perspectives of university students taking sign language course concerning the course and how it influenced their perceptions of individuals with hearing/speech impairments. An increase in the number of individuals without disabilities who know sign language in a society may increase the possibility of hearing-speaking impaired individuals in that society overcoming the difficulties they face. Education and training are significant methods for increasing this population. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 university students who had taken the sign language course offered as part of their university education, the highest level of education. Using a semi-structured interview form, the study explored students’ motivations for choosing the course, their evaluations of the course content, and their views on the impact of this course on their perceptions towards hearing-speaking impaired individuals. The primary motivation for students to choose the course was the desire ‘to understand and be understood’. The instruction method of the course is believed to foster awareness of individuals with disabilities. Students generally found the sign language course beneficial but highlighted several significant issues including the course’s limited duration of one semester, its status as an elective, its availability exclusively at the university, the insufficient resources and materials provided, and the absence of opportunities for practical interaction with hearing/speech-impaired individuals. Several recommendations are offered to address these issues. All students indicated that taking the course helped them develop more positive attitudes towards individuals with disabilities, and significantly increased their awareness of these individuals. In conclusion, this study attempted to raise awareness about hearing-speech impaired individuals by presenting a curriculum proposal that is believed to meet the expectations of the students.

Exploring the impact of social climate on job satisfaction: A comprehensive analysis

Yakup Izci — 2025-03-15

The social climate fostered in organizations can directly influence job satisfaction by affecting employees’ motivation, commitment and performance. The level of job satisfaction among employees is crucial both individually and organizationally. An organization’s ability to manage and enhance the social climate is essential for boosting employee job satisfaction and consequently improving organizational performance. Thus, this study seeks to offer a comprehensive review and a novel perspective on understanding the impact of social climate on job satisfaction within organizations and aims to help organizations understand the social climate factors that influence their employees and to develop effective strategies for increasing job satisfaction. Using data collected from 320 employees at Mardin Artuklu University, the research evaluates various dimensions of social climate and their effects on job satisfaction. The findings reveal that social climate factors like interpersonal harmony, organizational support, professional solidarity and non-work relations are significantly and negatively correlated with higher job satisfaction levels. Thus, the study also uncovers positive correlation between job satisfaction and intra-group communication. Also, no relation was found between work ethics and job satisfaction. These results suggest that improving specific aspects of the social climate can enhance employee satisfaction and by extension, organizational performance. Therefore, the results of this study offer valuable insights and can serve as significant guidance for managers in making informed strategic decisions related to social climate management within the business world. The study further concludes by underscoring the critical importance of effectively managing the social climate in organizations, highlighting how such efforts can foster a more supportive, motivating and ultimately satisfying workplace environment which in turn can lead to enhanced employee well-being and overall organizational success.

The impact of using various programming tools on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and computational thinking skills

Ali Kursat Erumit — 2025-03-15

This study investigates the effects of different programming tools on the self-efficacy beliefs and computational thinking skills of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers. The growing integration of computational thinking in education necessitates research on how programming education influences teachers’ confidence and problem-solving abilities, particularly in mathematics teaching. The study was conducted over 12 weeks with 47 university students enrolled in an Elementary Mathematics Teacher Education Program. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, with pre-test and post-test measurements to assess the impact of programming education. Participants were divided into two experimental groups: one using a block-based programming environment (Scratch) and the other using a text-based programming language (C#). The structured implementation of programming instruction allowed for a systematic comparison of how different approaches influence computational thinking and self-efficacy in teaching mathematics. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between computational thinking skills and self-efficacy beliefs in mathematics teaching. Both programming tools contributed significantly to the improvement of these skills, demonstrating that exposure to algorithmic thinking and coding enhances teachers’ confidence in their ability to teach mathematics. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups, suggesting that both block-based and text-based programming approaches are effective in fostering computational thinking and self-efficacy. These results imply that regardless of the programming tool used, engaging in coding activities strengthens essential teaching competencies. These findings highlight the importance of integrating programming education into teacher training programs to prepare future educators for technology-enhanced teaching environments. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of programming in developing higher-order thinking skills, such as problem-solving, logical reasoning, and adaptability.

The impact of yoga on self-regulation skills in 60-69 month-old children attending preschool education

Vera Seven — 2025-03-15

This study investigates the impact of a yoga training program on the self-regulation skills of children aged 60 to 69 months who are enrolled in preschool education. The research utilizes a quasi-experimental design featuring pre-test and post-test control groups within a quantitative research framework. The participants of the study consist of a total of 36 children, including 13 boys and 23 girls, all aged between 60-69 months and enrolled in preschool classes. The selection of participants was made using a purposive sampling method. To obtain participation consent for the children involved in the study, an “Informed Consent Form” was presented to their families, and demographic information of the children and their families was gathered using a “Personal Information Form”. The “Self-Regulation Skills Scale for 4-6 Year-Old Children (Teacher Form)”, developed by İvrendi and Erol (2018), was employed to assess the self-regulation abilities of both the experimental and control groups.The scale has an internal consistency coefficient of 0.94 and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.81. The overall Cronbach’s Alpha value of the scale is 0.96. For the analysis of the data, statistical software was utilized, and the pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using the t-test. The findings of the research indicate significant differences between the pre-test and post-test average scores of the experimental group in the sub-dimensions of inhibitory control, attention, and working memory related to self-regulation. Based on these results, it can be concluded that yoga has a positive impact on the development of children’s self-regulation skills. Thus, it is suggested that yoga can be integrated into educational programs as an alternative method.

User perception and emotions towards navigation in nature: A text mining study on Reddit comments

Muzaffer Toprak Keskin — 2025-03-15

The aim of this study is to examine user perceptions of nature navigation applications on the Reddit platform. To achieve this, data collected from Reddit was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative analysis was conducted to support the quantitative findings and identify main themes, employing a phenomenological research design to explore the phenomenon of “Reddit users’ perceptions of navigation applications for finding directions in nature.” In the quantitative analysis, NRC and VADER sentiment analyses were performed, followed by correlation analysis to identify relationships between emotions and sentiment classification was carried out using various machine learning models. The research reveals that users highlight security risks arising from map errors and navigation inaccuracies. Inconsistencies in difficulty level assessments suggest that some trails may be dangerous for inexperienced users and the importance of traditional map and compass usage is emphasized. While applications provide practical access for short hikes, topographic maps are preferred for longer hikes and offline usage is observed to offer a significant safety advantage. Additionally, the destruction caused by unauthorized routes in nature is noted and it is suggested that this issue needs to be controlled. Users find subscription systems expensive and complex, opting to search for free alternatives rather than paying for premium features. In challenging trails, due to map accuracy issues and slow GPS responses, users prefer additional navigation tools. Finally, it is noted that map updates are insufficient.

Iteration strategy in violin education and its effect on learning

Busra Inci Gumus — 2025-03-15

The purpose of this study is to reveal the Effect of Iteration Strategy in Violin Education on Learning. 3 studies applied in pretest and posttest, 1 study applied in equivalence test, observation form used in pretest, posttest and equivalence test scoring, and performance record were used to collect data related to the study. In the study, a total of 10 violin students selected from each grade level in the Department of Music Education in Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University Education Faculty in the 2019-2020 academic year, 5 of whom were in the experimental group and 5 were in the control group. Lessons were conducted with the experimental group by applying iteration strategies, and lessons were conducted with the control group using ongoing methods. After the lessons, a performance record was made for the students in the groups and again the data were scored by 3 experts. The averages of these scores formed the posttest scores of the students. Afterwards, Wilcoxon ordinal signs test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores of the control and experimental group students to determine their own development, and the Mann Whitney-U test was used to compare the post-test scores of the control and experimental group students. According to the results obtained from the study, it was determined that the average posttest scores of the experimental group, who were taught by applying iteration strategies, were higher than the average pretest scores and this difference of scores was statistically significant. Then, the difference between the posttest scores of the control and experimental groups was found to be statistically significant. The fact that this increase in average scores was statistically significant revealed that the lessons made by applying the iteration strategy had a positive and high level of effect on the learning of the students.

Cultural differences and translation: A comparative study on the English and French translations of Turkish idioms

Recep Hatipoglu — 2025-03-15

Translation is used as a means of communication in medicine, technology, literature, philosophy and many other fields, and every translated text is a reflection of a culture. Linguistic mastery is not enough when translating; knowledge of both the source language and the culture of the target language is necessary. Idioms play an important role in translation because they somehow reflect the culture of a different society. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the importance of intercultural differences in the translation of idioms and to make suggestions about the translation of idioms. In the study, the concepts of interculturality and intercultural communication are explained and the similarities and differences encountered in the expression of idioms in different languages are analyzed in terms of cultural differences by revealing the similarities and differences in terms of vocabulary and meaning with examples given from English and French translations of idioms, which have an important place in intercultural communication. Within the scope of the study, English and French translations of idioms related to language, body, food and animals in Turkish were analyzed by content analysis method and the differences and similarities between the languages were tried to be determined. The study was designed with qualitative method. In this context, a word/sentence and meaning/subject-based search was conducted and English and French translations of idioms about concepts and actions related to language, body, food and animals in Turkish were compiled. The compiled idioms were subjected to content analysis.

Psychosocial reflection of sports commentators on sports culture in the process of integration into new media: A study on vole and sports digital channels

Mehmet Derelioglu — 2025-03-15

The aim of the study is to examine the roles of sports commentators on new media tools and the psychosocial reflections of commentators on sports culture in the public, through the example channels “Vole” and “Sports Digitale”. New broadcasting areas, commentators’ freer discourses, creation of content without editorial filtering, acceleration of processes, etc. play an important role in shaping factors such as changing the identities and affiliations of sports commentators and their audiences, contributing to individual and social identity perceptions, and creating positive and negative effects on social fan mental health. The language used by sports commentators should serve a unifying structure, not social divisions. It is seen that digital broadcasting platforms offer a more dynamic, interactive and critical broadcasting approach, unlike traditional sports media. In the study, two programs from “Vole” and “Sports Digitale” channels were selected with a random sampling method, and the reflections of sports commentators on sports culture through psychosocial variables were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis method. It has been observed that sports commentators who commentate on digital broadcast channels change and shape the identity and individual sense of belonging of the audience, contribute to the social identity perceptions of the masses, have positive or negative effects on the mental health of the fans, are accepted as role models for individuals, and undertake important tasks in establishing social connections with the fans through new media tools.

Examination of the relationship between mindfulness and digital addiction in students athletes

Mehmet Oztas — 2025-03-15

Mindfulness refers to the ability of individuals to accept the present moment and focus their attention. This concept can play an important role in stress management and developing psychological resilience. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of mindfulness levels of student athletes on digital addiction and in this context, to reveal the relationships between athletes' digital media use and mindfulness practices. In the study, quantitative research design was used in the relational screening model. The population of the study consists of students studying in higher education institutions providing sports education. The sample of the study consists of 321 students selected by convenience sampling method from the sampling. In the study, data collection tool was created by using Personal Information Form, Athlete Mindfulness Scale and Digital Addiction Scale. It was determined that the participants had high levels of mindfulness and medium levels of digital addiction. In addition, a significant and positive relationship was observed between these two variables. It is seen that there is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the Athlete Mindfulness Scale and Digital Addiction Scale according to gender, age, department and class variables. In addition, a significant difference was observed according to the leisure time evaluation status. It can be concluded that the time athlete students spend in digital environments enhances their level of awareness. It is also anticipated that participants may confuse the concepts of "awareness" and "addiction" It is recommended to provide guidance for student athletes to manage their time spent in digital environments more consciously in order to reduce digital addiction and increase awareness levels.

Examining the effects of regular exercise on the meaning and purpose of life: A comparison of individuals with regular and irregular exercise habits

Emrah Cerit — 2025-03-15

This study aims to examine the effect of the duration and frequency of exercise on the purpose and meaning of life. In this direction, 531 individuals, 221 males and 310 females, engaged in regular and irregular exercise, participated in the study. In addition to the demographic questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the Purpose and Meaning of Life Scale was used in the study. In the analysis of the data, firstly, the normal distribution values of the data were examined and parametric tests were applied after it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. According to the findings obtained as a result of the analysis, it was determined that the participants had high levels of purpose and meaning of life and that the variables of educational status, regular exercise status, weekly exercise repetition and exercise duration significantly differentiated the meaning and purpose of life levels. According to the results obtained, it can be said that regular exercise and the duration and frequency of this regular exercise positively affect the purpose and meaning of life.

International students’ experiences on listening and reading skills

Ismail Karakus — 2025-03-15

The aim of this study is to examine the experiences of international students in the process of learning Turkish in the context of listening and reading skills. The study group of the research, designed with the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research approaches, consists of 20 international students studying in the 4th grade of the Faculty of Education selected with the criterion sample. The data was collected with the semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher and analyzed with the content analysis method. As a result of the research, the international students stated that they experienced communication problems during the listening process due to reasons such as the language being spoken fast and in different dialects, not being able to understand what is being said, and not being able to focus. They tried to find solutions to the problems they experienced by doing some entertainment-oriented listening exercises such as watching movies and TV series, listening to music, and watching slowed-down videos. They stated that doing listening-comprehension activities, having instructors speak slower, chatting with Turkish friends, and communicating with people speaking in different dialects could be solutions to the problems experienced. The students stated that in the process of acquiring reading skill, they had difficulty in reading vowels in terms of pronunciation, and that they had difficulty in understanding complex, long, and agglutinative words whose meanings they did not know; They stated that they read slowly in terms of reading speed and that they had concentration problems in terms of psychology. The participants stated that the most important solution to overcome the problems they experienced in the process of acquiring reading skills was to read a lot of books. They also stated that reading simple texts, reading aloud and fast, and doing vocabulary studies could also be solutions to the problems experienced.

Evaluation of student perception towards skill-based questions in secondary school science lessons: The example of Afyonkarahisar

Mehmet Erkol — 2025-03-15

This study aims to evaluate middle school students' perceptions of next-generation questions in science courses. A total of 641 students from various middle schools in Afyonkarahisar participated in the research. The "Perception Scale for Next-Generation Science Questions" was used to measure students' perceptions. This scale underwent reliability and validity analyses, with a Cronbach's alpha value calculated at 0.88. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analyses. According to the independent samples t-test results, the mean perception score for female students was 77.20 (SD = 19.73), while for male students, it was 79.92, with no statistically significant difference (t(X) = 0.083, p> 0.05). One-way ANOVA results showed significant differences in perception scores across grade levels (F=3.637 = 5.22, p <0.05). Post-hoc Gabriel test results revealed significant differences between 5th and 7th graders and between 6th and 7th graders (p <0.05). However, one-way ANOVA analysis based on socioeconomic levels found no significant differences in perception scores (F=2.638 = 1.504, p>0.05). These results indicate that students generally have a positive perception of next-generation science questions and that this perception may vary depending on demographic factors such as gender, grade level, and socioeconomic status. To enhance the effective use of next-generation question types in science education, curriculum designs should incorporate questions that stimulate students' scientific curiosity and motivation. Future research is recommended to conduct similar studies with larger participant groups from different regions and schools.

Relationships between health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and self-compassion: A structural equation and latent profile analysis

Kenan Polat — 2025-03-15

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and self-compassion through structural equation modeling (SEM) and latent profile analysis (LPA). The study group consists of 471 participants (296 female and 175 male) between the ages of 18 and 75 who were reached by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale Short Form (IUS), the Ruminative Thought Style Scale (RTS), and the Self-compassion Scale (SCS). SPSS AMOS was used for the SEM analysis and MPLUS for the LPA analysis. The SEM results indicate that intolerance of uncertainty was positively associated with health anxiety and negatively associated with self-compassion, while rumination was negatively associated with self-compassion but not directly associated with health anxiety. The mediating role of self-compassion was significant in the relationship between both intolerance of uncertainty and rumination with health anxiety, highlighting the protective role of self-compassion against anxiety. The LPA revealed two latent profiles within the study group. The first latent profile, labeled “lower health anxiety symptoms and higher self-compassion,” included participants with lower levels of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and rumination, but higher levels of self-compassion. The second latent profile, “higher health anxiety symptoms and lower self-compassion,” comprised individuals with higher levels of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and rumination, and lower levels of self-compassion. These findings emphasize the importance of self-compassion and effective cognitive coping strategies in mitigating health anxiety, suggesting targeted interventions to enhance self-compassion and manage cognitive processes could be beneficial.

Types of examples and teacher preferences: The case of linear equations

Mustafa Akinci — 2025-03-15

This study examines the types of examples that middle school mathematics teachers prefer to use when teaching linear equations and their purposes for using these examples. The research was conducted within a qualitative research paradigm, employing a case study design, and participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected from 28 practicing mathematics teachers through semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that teachers generally prefer using introductory and standard examples while not utilizing counter and extreme examples sufficiently. Teachers use introductory examples to introduce the topic and capture students' interest, whereas standard examples support conceptual learning. In contrast, despite their effectiveness in addressing misconceptions, counter examples are used to a limited extent. It was observed that teachers have pedagogical concerns and tend to avoid more complex examples. The results suggest that for an effective learning process, teachers should incorporate counter and extreme examples more frequently.

The relationship between mindfulness and competition anxiety in male football players

Burak Aricioglu — 2025-03-15

The aim of this study was to examine the role of mindfulness in predicting competition anxiety among amateur football players. The study sample consisted of 420 male amateur football players aged 12-18, selected through purposive sampling with criterion sampling. Participants were administered a personal information form, the "Sport Anxiety Scale-2," and " The Mindfulness Inventory for Sport." The research was designed using a relational research model. Independent sample t-tests and multiple linear regression analyses were applied in the data analysis. It was determined that football players' levels of mindfulness did not significantly differ based on variables such as education level, weekly training duration, and coaching duration. It was found that players' anxiety levels did not significantly differ according to weekly training frequency, but statistically significant differences were observed based on education level and coaching duration. The results showed that football players with a high school education experienced more anxiety than those with a middle school education, and players who had worked with their coach for over a year had lower anxiety levels. The variables of non-judgmental and refocusing were found to be significant predictors of anxiety. In conclusion, this research revealed that the levels of mindful awareness significantly affect anxiety levels in amateur football players, and that the players' anxiety levels differ based on their educational background and the duration of working with their coach.

Examination of the relationship between information literacy and entrepreneurship levels of students who educate at the faculty of sports sciences (TRB1 region)

Taner Bahsi — 2025-03-15

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the information literacy levels and entrepreneurship levels of students studying at the faculty of sports sciences. The study employed the relational screening model, a general scanning model. The population of our study consists of İnönü, Fırat, Bingöl, and Munzur Universities located in the provinces of Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, and Tunceli in the TRB1 Region. Its sample consists of a total of 461 (157 women, 307 men) students participating in the study from the faculties of sports sciences at these universities. We used the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests with a significance level of 0.05 to look for differences in the mean levels of information literacy and how each person saw themselves as an entrepreneur. We used Spearman Brown Rank Correlation Analysis at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether there is a relationship between the variables. We conducted a regression analysis at the 0.05 significance level to determine the effect of the detected relationship between the variables. As a result of the research, it was found that the entrepreneurship levels of the sports sciences faculty students from four universities were at a medium level, while their information literacy levels were at a good level, and a positive relationship was identified between them. We found a positive relationship between the sub-dimensions of information literacy levels and entrepreneurship levels of sports sciences faculty students. The sub-dimension of information access level showed the highest correlation. This situation suggests that we can use students' access to information as a parameter to enhance their entrepreneurship levels. Therefore, higher education institutions should develop information literacy and entrepreneurship standards that take into account local needs.

The effect of financial structures of deposit banks on their profitability in the Turkish banking sector

Mehmet Akarcay — 2025-03-15

As the integration of the banking sector, one of the most important fundamental components of today's financial system, into the global economy has increased, it has become essential for it to achieve sustainable profitability. In this study, a comprehensive study was carried out in order to contribute to the literature by analyzing the profitability of the banking sector together with its financial structure ratios and macroeconomic determinants. For this purpose, the effect of the financial structures of deposit banks operating in Turkey on their profitability was investigated. In this context, quarterly financial statement data between 2007Q1-2024Q1 of 19 deposit banks, whose financial statement data were completely accessible and actively operating, were used. In the study where the panel data regression analysis method was used, it was first tested whether there was a relationship between different units. Then, the stationarity of the series was tested with unit root tests that take into account the cross-sectional dependency. Whether there was heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the series was tested with Durbin, Watson and Wald tests and the regression model was estimated. According to the analysis findings, a statistically significant relationship was determined between the dependent variables net interest margin, return on assets and return on equity, as well as non-interest income and credit share variables. On the other hand, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the capital ratio, deposit share and inflation rate variables and bank profitability.

Problems encountered by classroom teachers in Physical Education and Games lessons

Mine Akkus Ucar — 2025-03-15

The main purpose of this study is to examine the problems encountered by classroom teachers in physical education and play lessons. A total of 262 classroom teachers, 141 female and 121 male, working in 39 primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Mardin Artuklu in the 2023-2024 academic year were included in the study. Teachers were asked a two-part questionnaire consisting of 27 questions in total. In the statistical analysis of the data obtained, percentages (%) and averages, descriptive statistics frequency (f), ANOVA analysis, independent groups t test were performed and the significance level was accepted as p ˂0.05. According to the findings obtained in this study, it was determined that the highest score was obtained from the mean values for the sub-dimension of caring problems (3.59±0,50). Implementation problems was found to be the sub-dimension with the highest participation after caring problems with a value of (3.48±0.39). The sub-dimensions of physical problems (2.68±0.81) and formation problems (2.94±0.55) were close to each other. It was observed that the mean value for physical problems (2.68±0.81) was the sub-dimension with the lowest score. In this case, it was determined that the participation in this sub-dimension was the value with the lowest score. As a result of this study, it was determined that caring problems are at the top of the problems encountered by classroom teachers in physical education and play lessons.

Analysis of profitability levels of venture capital investment trusts with Aras method

Yahya Sonmez — 2025-03-15

There are some important points for companies when making financial decisions. For these decisions, liquidity and profitability are essential sources of economic choices that companies attach some importance to. As crucial as liquidity is for the success of companies, profitability is just as important. It is essential to predict financial problems before they occur and to determine which factors affect this situation. Analysing financial information, taking measures, and implementing these measures with determination will lead to economic success. Venture Capital Investment Trusts are partnerships established as registered capital and direct their issued capital mainly towards venture capital investments. With these ventures, venture capital can be financed at every project stage. They also have high costs due to high uncertainty. These partnerships may invest in capital market instruments traded or issued to be traded on the stock exchange and reverse repo transactions. The Capital Markets legislation requires the financial information of the partnerships and must comply with these communiqués. They are required to publish interim financial reports and year-end financial reports. These partnerships are subject to independent audits. An independent audit firm audits them at the end of the 6th and 12th months. With this audit, partnerships have a more institutionalized structure. In addition, the financial statements of the partnerships are subject to continuous independent audits. The study aims to determine the profitability levels of the companies in the venture capital investment trusts sector. In this context, the data of seven companies operating in Turkey between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed through the ARAS method. Although the profitability levels of the companies fluctuate over the years, it is observed that the results are similar in general. As a result of the study, it was determined that the company with the highest profitability level between 2019 and 2023 was Hedef Venture, and the companies with the lowest profitability level were HUB Venture and ICU Venture.

Reflections of the 800.000-success rank in the Basic Proficiency Test (TYT)

Sibel Adar Can — 2025-03-15

In the talent exams applied to student applications to the fine arts departments of education faculties, as of 2020, the condition of ‘having at least 800 thousand success ranks in the TYT exam’ has been introduced. This research aims to examine the reflections of this threshold condition applied to teacher training programs accepting students with a special talent exam on the department quota, special talent selection exam, student records and student profile of the Department of Art Education of the Faculty of Education of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University. The research was conducted with 60 students registered in the department at the end of the 2023-2024 academic year. A case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The data obtained from the semi-structured interview forms applied to the research group were evaluated by the researcher using the descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was found that after the introduction of the TYT 800 thousand success rank threshold, the number of applications to the department decreased significantly, the department quota numbers decreased, the majority of students coming from within the field could not pass this threshold, and the number of students coming from outside the field increased considerably (by ¾ rate) compared to the number of students coming from within the field. As a result of the research, it was suggested that additional points could be added for students coming from fine arts high schools, students should be made more aware of the 800 thousand success rank threshold, and updates could be made to the TYT exam in the fine arts high school curriculum programs.

Mythological analysis of symbols in Gustav Klimt’s works

Yelda Usal — 2025-03-15

This research provides a roadmap for understanding the mythological origins of the symbols in Klimt’s works. In the research, the works of Gustav Klimt, Pallas Athena (1898), Judith and the Head of Holofernes (1901), Portrait of Adele Block-Bauer 1 (1903-1907) and Hygeia (1907) were examined contextually. The works, the most frequently repeated mythological references and the mythological narratives on which these references are based, the female figures in the works and the mythological female characters they are associated with, the most frequently repeated symbols and the relationship of these symbols with mythology were examined. Content analysis method was used in the research, and the data obtained through the relevant literature review was evaluated. The research was limited to the artist’s works on mythology and women’s themes. The research offers new perspectives on how Klimt’s art can be evaluated both within the cultural and social context of his time and within today’s understanding of art. As a result of the research, a better understanding of the structure of symbolism in Klimt’s works has been achieved, and the analyses made from a mythological perspective have revealed the depths of Klimt’s works and shown that the artist touched on universal themes that extended beyond his own time. According to the research results, Klimt was greatly inspired by the mythological elements of different cultures in his paintings. He mostly included symbols and myths from Greek and Japanese mythology in his paintings. When we look at the context of the subject, we see that he frequently uses the theme of women. It can be said that it can be a suggestion for different researches, especially in terms of choosing goddess figures rather than God depictions in mythology.

Examining the effect of the coach-athlete relationship on competition anxiety in individual and team sports

Yunus Sahinler — 2025-03-15

This study aims to examine the impact of the coach-athlete relationship on athletes' competition anxiety in both individual and team sports. The research was conducted with the participation of 395 athletes aged 18 and above who are actively involved in individual and team sports in Aydın province. In the study, the Coach-Athlete Relationship Scale was used to assess the coach-athlete relationship, and the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was used to determine the level of competition anxiety. In the data analysis, the normality assumption was tested by examining the skewness and kurtosis values, and statistical analyses, including independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis, were applied. The results revealed that female athletes established closer, trust-based, and harmonious relationships with their coaches, whereas male athletes exhibited significantly higher levels of competition anxiety. It was also found that as the athletes' age and sports experience increased, the strength of their relationships with their coaches improved, and competition anxiety decreased in parallel. Correlation analyses indicated that a strong coach-athlete relationship has a mitigating effect on competition anxiety. When comparing individual and team sports, athletes engaged in individual sports showed higher levels of competition anxiety than those involved in team sports. As a result, it was concluded that developing trust-based, supportive, and harmonious relationships between coaches and athletes is crucial in reducing athletes' competition anxiety. In the context of sports psychology and coaching practices, this study presents significant findings that contribute to understanding the psychological impact of coaches on athletes and developing more effective coaching strategies.

Determination of nutritional habits of participating in school sports

Isa Aydemir — 2025-03-15

This study aimed to examine the nutritional habits of adolescents participating in school sports. The research group consisted of 236 volunteer high school students (121 male, 115 female) from Igdır province during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data collection tools included a ‘Personal Information Form’ and the “Nutrition Scale for Adolescents.The study findings revealed no significant relationship between gender, age, dieting status, body weight, height, grade level, father’s education, income status, and the nutrition scale for adolescents. However, male students had higher mean scores on the nutrition scale than female students. Additionally, students aged 17 and above scored higher than those aged 14-16. It was observed that students who had never been on a diet had higher nutrition scores than those who had dieted before. Similarly, students who had not followed a diet in the last month scored higher than those who had. Interestingly, students from low-income backgrounds had higher mean nutrition scores than those from middle- and high-income families. In conclusion, while no significant difference was found between the research variables and the nutrition scale for adolescents, the overall nutritional habits of students were at a moderate level. Male students exhibited better nutrition scores than female students, and certain lifestyle factors, such as age, dieting history, and income status, influenced the results.

The effect of pre-competition anxiety levels on acute pain thresholds of senior female wrestlers

Esin Cagla Çaglar — 2025-03-15

It is important to analyze the possible effects of athletes' anxiety on their pain thresholds before a national competition such as the Turkish Grand Women's Wrestling Championship. The hypothesis of our study is to investigate the effect of anxiety on pain tolerance by determining pre-competition anxiety and pain levels in a sport with intense physical and psychological pressure such as wrestling. The study was conducted on 30 volunteer female wrestlers who were either graduates or students of sports sciences faculties participating in the championship. Participants were selected from different weight classes and different experience levels. Body composition data of the participants were determined using bioelectrical impedance with Tanita 418 BC device. Anxiety Rating Scale (ARS) was given to the participants to measure their anxiety about the competition. In the analysis of the data, percentage (%), frequency, mean and simple linear regression analysis were used to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The age of the participants was reported as 20.32±2.21 years. The mean anxiety score of the participants was 34.35±5.62. According to the results of the study, total anxiety score had no effect on the participants' occiput right and left occipital pain thresholds (p>0.05). As a result of the study, it is thought that other factors that may affect the pain threshold besides anxiety were not included in the model and may be due to individual differences. In addition, in sports with high physical and mental endurance such as taekwondo and wrestling, managing athletes' anxiety levels can be seen as a critical strategy to increase success. The importance of anxiety management and stress reduction techniques to be developed by sports psychologists to manage athletes' pre-competition anxiety emerges. Creating personalized psychological support strategies by taking into account the individual differences of athletes can reduce the negative effects of anxiety on performance.

Recommendations for preventing frequency overlaps in the mixing stage

Bekir Tanyeri — 2025-03-15

This study aims to present solutions to a commonly encountered problem in the mixing phase of music production, which is one of the most intricate stages, as it significantly shapes the music’s character. The introductory section provides an overview of the mixing phase along with relevant definitions, outlining the purpose and significance of the topic. Due to the high importance of the mixing phase, numerous variables must be utilized simultaneously, and a variety of software and hardware solutions have been developed to address this complexity and enhance production quality. A wide range of processors—including time-based (reverb, delay), frequency-based (equalizers, filters), and dynamics processors (compressor, limiter, expander)—serve the same purpose through different interfaces and have been integrated into music production. This study analyzes five completed mixing projects to examine these diverse techniques. It aims to identify methods used to prevent frequency collisions, with a particular focus on frequency-based processors, especially equalizers. Additionally, dynamic range processors are considered, and the Sidechain Compression technique is reviewed. The study further examines how stereo field width can prevent frequency collisions, covering the Mid/Side technique as well. Techniques such as Sidechain Compression and Sidechain Equalization are also explained. Dynamic, time-based, and frequency-based processors used to optimize sound in the vertical (dynamic range), horizontal (frequency), depth (time-based), and stereo fields are detailed, with parameter values provided when necessary. Given the physical nature of sound, even minor adjustments can impact all variables, so parameter values are approximate. The study concludes with results and recommendations, noting that primary processors and techniques include equalization, sidechain compression, stereo positioning, sidechain equalization, and multiband compression.

The examination of neuroscientific evidence in the criminal trial process: The importance of collaboration between criminal law and neuroscience

Celal Hakan Kan — 2025-03-15

This study addresses the significance of utilizing neuroscientific evidence within the criminal trial process and explores the potential collaboration between criminal law and neuroscience. Advances in the field of neuroscience have enhanced our understanding of human behavior and decision-making processes, allowing for a reevaluation of core concepts in criminal law, such as volition, fault, and liability. Initially, the research provides an overview of the historical development of neuroscience and fundamental insights into the functioning of the human brain. Subsequently, it focuses on the potential of neuroimaging techniques to shed light on the brain mechanisms behind criminal behaviors. These methodologies offer new perspectives on predicting criminal actions, rehabilitating offenders, and personalizing penalties. The evaluation of neuroscientific evidence during the criminal trial process emerges as an area capable of inducing significant changes in legal practice. Employing this evidence to base judicial decisions on scientific data contributes to the more effective protection of the right to a fair trial. The paper advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the interaction between criminal law and neuroscience, aiming to ensure that decisions within the judicial process are both fair and scientifically grounded.

Hayat Magazine’s view of the United States of America and Kennedy assassination

Emine Guntepe Yesilbursa — 2025-03-15

Hayat Magazine is a cultural current affairs magazine that was presented to the Turkish readership with the intaglio printing technique on April 6, 1956. The owner of the magazine was Şevket Rado, who was a lawyer but always had ties with the press. Hayat Magazine reached high circulation shortly after it was presented to the reader. It has drawn a profile of a magazine that undertakes the role of cultural educator, which emerged because of Turkey's political choice of the West in the two-block world that emerged after World War II, by presenting a Western lifestyle. The articles and news written in the magazine always defended the thesis that the West was the most democratic, most humane and most livable place. In this context, since the United States assumed the leadership of the West, US Presidents were also frequently featured in the pages of the magazine. In this context, US President John F. Kennedy was frequently featured in Hayat Magazine. The private trips and diplomatic contacts of the US President and his wife were frequently featured in the magazine in this context. At a time when Kennedy was presented as the important subject of Hayat, US President Kennedy was shot and killed by an assassin in Texas on November 22, 1963. This event shook the world deeply, and Hayat Magazine covered it in full detail, both out of sympathy for the president and admiration for the United States. While news of the assassination took place on the first pages of the magazine, the trial of the assassin in the courts was also presented to the reader in a similar manner in the following years.

Looking at the “absence of home” in contemporary art through the trace of memory

Bahar Karaman Guvenc — 2025-03-15

The theme of home is a frequently encountered subject in the history of art. The views of houses in artworks gain diversity with landscapes including interior and exterior spaces or symbolic-metaphorical expressions. In contemporary art, it is particularly noteworthy that houses are among the working subjects of artists with their dimension based on extinction. Situations such as the change of social order in contemporary life, transformation of living conditions, globalisation, belonging-not belonging due to migration and displacement, social inequality have prepared the ground for questioning the presence and absence of the house. This research aims to examine the art practices of artists working on the absence of home in contemporary art. By selecting a work by Petrit Halilaj, Rachel Whiteread, Christian Boltanski and Doris Salcedo, the meanings between memory traces and ‘the presence and absence of home’ were evaluated and multiple layers of meaning were emphasised. These works, which express the ‘absence of home’, are analysed in terms of the relationships established with memory and memories and the characteristics of reminder space. This research shows that artists create spaces that embody the ‘absence of home’ through memory based on individual and social experiences or use existing spaces in the context of disappearing homes. While these artists establish a connection between the ‘absence of home’ and memory in their works, they use indirect reflection methods that prevent the establishment of a direct relationship. Although the works of the artists function as memory spaces for memories of home, they also offer a way for viewers to question and reflect.

Production of the agility manifesto: Strategic agility

Berna Turak Kaplan — 2025-03-15

The concept of agility is expressed as an understanding and thought that differentiates and makes competition different in production and makes competition strong and special for businesses that interact with similar concepts that have different meanings. Agility, as a concept that emerged as a reaction or action breakthrough for businesses to environmental turbulences and intense competition environments, first became clear with a manifesto. In creative and innovative economic competitive conditions, all businesses need to abandon traditionalist understandings and practices from top to bottom with all their business/management processes and undergo a radical transformation. In order for this transformation to be successful and sustainable, the business needs to rethink itself and be ready for competitive rebirths and practices. This study first addresses this clarification with a manifesto and then evaluates the concepts of agility and strategic agility. While addressing the concept of agility, it focuses on similar concepts and addresses their qualities. Then, it presents agile business practices with different business examples. In the concept of strategic agility, the concept is presented with its meaning and importance for businesses, and its dimensions and is evaluated with the relevant literature. The aim of the research is to reveal the importance of the concept of strategic agility in the competitive environment as the production of an agility manifesto. For this purpose, the concept of strategic agility has been addressed and the subject has been addressed in all its aspects. It has become clear that the architecture and culture of the business organization must be re-prepared for strategic agility. Moreover, this clarification must be made more effective as a necessity to establish an agile culture structure within the business. However, even if all these are done, it is not enough on its own and agility must be embedded in the business culture as a lifestyle, a thinking system and a way of interpretation. In this context, this study effectively examines the development of the concept of strategic agility.