International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences

Supporting social skills of pre-school age children through rhythm-based music activities

Ozlem Bal — 2025-06-15

This study aims to support the social skills of preschool age children through rhythm-based music activities. A mixed method was implemented in the study. The quantitative dimension used a quasi-experimental design, while the qualitative dimension employed a case study. In the study group, there were 48 children, including 24 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group, who attended a kindergarten affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. In the quantitative dimension, HTKS and SCBE-30 scales were applied, while the qualitative dimension included child and teacher interview questions developed by the author, and field notes. In the data analysis, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the groups was investigated with the Mann-Whitney U and t Test according to whether the normality assumptions were met. The pre-test-post-test score difference of the children in the experimental and control groups was examined with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. For the qualitative data of the study, a descriptive analysis was conducted for the responses given by the children to the questions posed. The findings were supported by teacher interviews and field notes. According to the findings of the study, while no significant difference was observed in the pre-test scores of the children in the research group, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in the post-test scores of the BADO and SYDD-30 scales, except for the anxiety-introversion score. Also, there was an increase in the positive responses of the children in the experimental group to social skills.

A study of the relationship between the student-teacher interaction and social skills in the context of gender

Nihal Akalin — 2025-06-15

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of teacher-child relationship on children’s social skill levels in the preschool period in terms of gender. The study used the relational screening model, one of the quantitative research methods. The study sample was determined using the maximum variation sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods. The participants of the study consisted of 368 children studying in official preschool education institutions in Nevsehir province of Türkiye and 75 preschool teachers working in the same province. The study data were collected with the Teacher-Child Relationship Scale, Social Skills Development System Rating Scale (SBGS-DÖ). The results of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation, the Independent Samples T-test results and the two-model hierarchical regression results were included in the analysis of the research data. As a result of the study; it was revealed that girls tend to have closer and warmer relationships with their teachers than boys, their social skill levels are higher than boys, and at the same time, the teacher-child relationship creates significant differences in terms of gender while predicting social skills. As a result of the research, various recommendations were made.

Determinants of firm performance: A study on BIST manufacturing industry

Mehmet Akarcay — 2025-06-15

Firm performance is considered one of the most effective ways to measure and manage the efficiency of a business. It is the basic indicator of how effectively the assets acquired by businesses can be used to achieve their goals. The main purpose of the study is to determine the determinants of firm performance of businesses operating in the Turkish manufacturing industry. In the study where return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and operating profit ratio (EFKO) were used as dependent variables, long-term relationships were tested with the ARDL bounds test using quarterly data between 2015Q1-2024Q1. Looking at the empirical findings of the study, there is a statistically significant relationship between return on equity and firm size and tangible asset ratios. It is significant between return on assets and firm size, leverage ratio and tangible asset ratio and net profit margin variables, and borderline significant with the cash conversion period variable. While there is a statistically significant relationship between the operating profit and the current ratio, firm size, leverage ratio, tangible assets ratio and net profit margin variables, no significant relationship was found with the cash conversion period variable.

A phenomenological research on Meskhetian Turkish women’s participation and integration into the labor market

Tamilla Sahin — 2025-06-15

This phenomenological research aims to identify the adaptation problems of Meskhetian Turkish women working in the Beauty and Personal Care Sector in Bursa province by revealing their participation and adaptation to the labor market. The purpose of this study is to identify integration challenges faced by these women. The interviews were conducted with 20 Meskhetian Turkish women using a semi-structured format comprising 19 questions. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed through content analysis, resulting in 27 categories under 9 themes with 493 codes. Findings reveal that Meskhetian Turkish women migrated to Turkey due to discrimination and exclusion in their countries of origin, as well as to fulfill specific social needs. Factors such as perceptions of a feminine and universal profession, vocational training in post-Soviet countries, and personal interests/talents facilitate their employment in BPCS. These women believe that the Beauty and Personal Care Sector in Turkey is underdeveloped and that expertise from Meskhetian professionals is essential. Key factors facilitating their integration include professional competence, the perception of BPCS as a feminine profession, cultural and linguistic similarities with the Turkish population, and higher earnings compared to other sectors. Despite their general satisfaction with their profession, Meskhetian Turkish women face challenges such as difficulties in obtaining diploma equivalence, residence permits, and citizenship, which complicate their integration into the labor market.

Examining the sustainability competence in the common text of the Turkish century education model curriculum

Guven Kemerkaya — 2025-06-15

The concept of sustainability can be expressed as the way societies use our common resources consciously without jeopardising the ability of future generations to meet their living needs. Sustainability has ecological, economic and social dimensions. In order for the responsibilities that these dimensions impose on individuals to permeate the society, policy makers and programmers have great responsibilities. In this context, the research aims to examine the content of the Turkey Century Maarif Model programme content, which was published in 2024 and put into practice in the 2024-2025 academic year, in terms of Sustainability Development Goals. For this purpose, document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The data obtained were analysed through content analysis. The common text of curricula and sustainability development goals documents were used as study documents. The titles in the joint text of the curricula: basic approaches, general objectives, student profile, conceptual skills, trends, integrated skills, virtue value action framework, literacy skills were examined in comparison with the seventeen sustainability development goals. As a result of the research, it was found that the titles in the common text of the curricula overlap with the sustainability goals. Student profile, general objectives and literacy skills titles in the curricula are the sections that contain the most content for sustainability goals. In the study, it was observed that the section with the least content was the integrated skills title. Considering the results of the study, clearer statements can be used in learning outcomes for sustainability goals in curricula.

Usage of snake and woman figures in graphic design products in terms of representation forms

Ozlem Kum — 2025-06-15

Mythology expresses a society's beliefs and explanations about the origin of the universe and human beings through symbolic narratives. The main reason for examining snake and woman figures in the same study is that these two symbols gain meaning around common themes in historical, mythological and cultural contexts. These figures, which are associated with multi-layered concepts such as fertility, wisdom, danger, seduction and transformation, exhibit a symbolic unity that complements each other both visually and semantically; it is important to consider how the mutual interaction between them is interpreted in art and graphic design together in order to present a holistic analysis. The aim of the study is to examine the representation and expression of the female figure through the snake symbol from mythology to graphic design. In order to evaluate the connection of snake symbolism with the female figure and its reflections in graphic design, document analysis was conducted using qualitative research method, and the data were analysed with descriptive analysis technique. Eleven visual designs, selected by random sampling method and containing the symbols of snake and woman, were preferred in order to provide a wide range of diversity, to examine different symbolic interpretations without prejudice and to enable in-depth analysis of the examples by narrowing the scope. As a result, snake and woman symbols have carried both positive and negative meanings throughout history and have been reinterpreted with different techniques and approaches in graphic design. The association of the snake with the concepts of wisdom and rebirth has given the female figure a multi-layered, powerful and symbolic depth of meaning.

A study on disadvantaged immigrant students in terms of the education system and education policies: Turks in Germany

Burhan Can — 2025-06-15

Turks were among the first migrant groups to relocate to Germany in 1961. This study is a research paper examining the educational challenges faced by Turks. The study aims to analyze Germany’s education system, its policies toward migrants, and the identification of educational challenges faced by Turkish migrants. Quantitative comparisons have been conducted, adopting a holistic approach to assess the educational challenges of Turks alongside other migrant groups. The research has found that Germany has not developed specific educational policies for migrants over an extended period. It has been determined that Turks are the most affected by this lack of policy. It has been found that 10.2% of students attending Hauptschule, a lower-tier academic and vocational preparatory school, are of Turkish origin. Only 1% of Turkish students attended Gymnasium, a school that provides pathways to higher education, in the 2002–2003 period; this proportion increased to only 4.4% by 2018. The study concludes that Germany’s education system has historically perceived migrant students primarily as auxiliary labor. Quantitative demographic data supporting these findings were obtained from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and Germany’s Federal Statistical Office (DESTATIS). Statistics from EURYDICE, DESTATIS, and EUROSTAT were utilized to analyze educational attainment, school types, and vocational training. The data were presented in tables and graphs to derive certain conclusions. The study recommends that Turkish migrants in Germany should learn German in order to succeed academically. Turkish parents are advised to frequently visit schools, engage with their children, and maintain communication with educators guiding students toward higher education. Currently, apart from projects prioritizing German language education followed by vocational training, no comprehensive policies for migrants have been identified.

Metaphorical perspectives of elite wrestlers on the sport of wrestling

Mehmet Tuncer — 2025-06-15

Wrestling or any sporting competition, when viewed in general, is not only an arena where the winner and loser are determined, but also a stage where individuals internalize values such as discipline, determination and team spirit. Metaphor and metaphorical perception are important tools for understanding the complex structure of the human mind, especially the imaginations in the minds of athletes. Metaphors are not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a basic cognitive mechanism that shapes individuals’ thoughts, emotions and behaviors. Therefore, studies on metaphor and metaphorical perception have great potential for understanding human nature. In this study, the perceptions of elite wrestlers who competed in the freestyle, Greco-Roman and women’s categories in the international arena towards the sport of wrestling were examined in depth through metaphors. Within the scope of the study, a semi-structured interview form was applied to 109 athletes with high-level wrestling experience and the data of 105 athletes were evaluated. Afterwards, the metaphors reflecting the athletes’ perspectives on wrestling were subjected to a phenomenological analysis process. The findings show that wrestling is not only a physical struggle but also a multidimensional phenomenon that requires discipline, determination, patience and strategy. In this context, it was observed that the elite athletes participating in the study identified themselves with this branch at a high level.

Young adults’ perceptions of non-governmental organizations: Amasya sample

Atif Cicekli — 2025-06-15

This study investigates university students' perceptions of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Amasya by analyzing diverse sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age, residence, and involvement in social responsibility projects, thereby offering a localized perspective on youth engagement with civil society. This research is one of the few to investigate the influence of social responsibility experience on the perception of NGOs, providing a contemporary and innovative contribution to the subject. Data were collected from 548 students using the "NGO Perception Scale" and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and ANOVA. The findings indicate that students often have a pronounced positive attitude and a moderate unfavorable assessment of NGOs. Female students reported higher levels of positive ratings, but male students expressed more pronounced unfavorable thoughts. The results demonstrate that students in urban areas generally have more favorable views of NGOs compared to those in rural areas, and participation in social responsibility programs is associated with improved positive evaluations. Although students have a mostly positive impression of civil society, this perspective does not always translate into sustained and proactive involvement, highlighting the need for improved institutional support. The study highlights the need of enhancing social responsibility initiatives and university-NGO collaborations to increase youth civic engagement. Furthermore, it underscores the need of developing theoretical frameworks that include local context to understand youth involvement with civil society.

Investigation of academic belonging levels of faculty of health sciences students

Hilal Bahçecioğlu — 2025-06-15

Understanding the concept of belonging in the university environment is a critical factor for students’ motivation, success and professional identity development and is therefore important. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the academic belonging levels of students studying in different departments at Izmir Democracy University Faculty of Health Sciences comparatively between departments and to reveal the goal-oriented needs for departments. Convenience sampling method was used to determine the participants of the study and 372 university students participated in the study. In order to evaluate the demographic information of the participants, they were asked to fill out the Personal Information Form, which included questions about age, gender, grade level and the department they were studying. The Academic Belonging Scale, which was developed by Kızılkaya and Doğan and whose Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted, was used to evaluate the academic belonging of the participants. In the analysis of the data, it was observed that all dimensions and total scores were normally distributed, so Pearson Correlation test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were used as parametric analyses. As a result, it was determined that the students of the Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences had the highest academic belonging and that the academic belonging of the participants decreased with increasing age. In addition, according to the results of the total score analysis of the scale, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups within the scope of the participants’ gender and class level variables.

Weighting of information systems and technologies departments in Turkiye by SWARA method and ranking by COBRA method

Abdulkerim Guler — 2025-06-15

Education is one of the most important elements in a country’s development and progress. The responsibility for the quality of this education does not solely lie with students, parents, or teachers. This responsibility also extends to educational institutions that have an impact on this process, regulate it, and coordinate it. The advancement of a society is directly related to individuals receiving quality education. In this study, information systems and technologies departments in higher education institutions in Turkiye were investigated, aiming to guide students in prioritizing which university to choose when selecting these departments. In this context, various criteria of universities for these departments were specified, these criteria were evaluated by experts using the SWARA method, and finally, the universities were ranked using the COBRA method. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most important criterion was the base score of the last person placed. In the ranking of universities with information systems and technologies departments, the top three universities were “Eskişehir Technical University,” “Sakarya University,” and “Ihsan Doğramacı Bilkent University (with Scholarship).” This result can serve as a guide for prospective students in choosing information systems and technologies departments.

Examination of the effect of sport sciences students’ attitudes towards scientific research on their critical thinking skills

Haticenur Yildirim — 2025-06-15

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of attitudes towards scientific research on the critical thinking skills of students enrolled in sport science programmes, with respect to certain socio-demographic characteristics. The research is in the survey model and was evaluated within the scope of the relational survey method. The study group of the research consists of 452 students studying at Erciyes University Faculty of Sport Sciences in the 2023-2024 academic year. The application of the Attitude Towards Scientific Research Scale and the Critical Thinking Skills Scale to the students is the subject of this study. The study group for the research consists of a total of 452 students, 225 male and 227 female, who were selected by means of a convenience sampling method and who are studying in the field of Sports Sciences at Erciyes University in the 2023-2024 academic year. The findings of the study indicated a correlation between critical thinking among students in the field of sport sciences and their positive attitudes towards scientific research. A statistically significant difference was observed in the positive attitude towards research sub-dimension score ‘according to the department’ (p=0.049). The findings of the study indicated that critical thinking skills accounted for 25.2% of the variance in attitudes towards scientific research. Furthermore, it was determined that the positive attitude towards research was explained by 27% of the variables, while the positive attitude towards research was explained by 30.2% of the variables. Consequently, it was determined that an enhancement in students’ critical thinking skills was concomitant with an improvement in their attitude towards scientific research. These results underscore the pivotal function of critical thinking skills in fostering favorable attitudes toward scientific inquiry. The enhancements in attitudes favoring scientific research, concomitant with the augmentation in critical thinking skills, signify a substantial contribution to the field.

The historical perceptions and epistemic approaches of secondary school students: A grounded theory study

Serdar Erdem — 2025-06-15

The primary aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that reveals students’ perceptions of history and their epistemic perspectives on this type of knowledge. Conducted using the grounded theory approach, the research explores how students perceive historical knowledge and how they question its nature. The study group consists of 45 high school students and 8 history teachers. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. Throughout this process, students’ interests in historical knowledge, the meanings they attribute to it, and their epistemic viewpoints were categorized around a central code. The category of interest investment refers to students’ attention toward topics such as wars, victories, periods of chaos, and prominent historical figures. The meaning investment category reflects how students infuse historical knowledge with personal and cultural meanings. Epistemic investment captures their perspectives on the epistemic nature of historical knowledge. These categories collectively illustrate that students’ approaches to historical knowledge go beyond acquiring factual information; they critically interpret and integrate it into their identities. It was observed that students tend to perceive history as a guide and possess a certain level of epistemic awareness, which leads them to verify historical knowledge and assess it from multiple perspectives. Their interest in history appears to be fueled primarily by themes of war, triumph, and the extraordinary.

Techno-stress as a barrier in front of sustainable innovation: A research in food retail sector

Nilufer Ruzgar — 2025-06-15

In recent years, especially with Industry 4.0, which is in interaction with innovation, rapid digital developments in the world have affected not only the way organizations do business, but also employees. While the increase in the use of machinery and the fact that innovative artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become almost a part of daily life and increase the efficiency in organizations in a visible way, in some cases these developments cause negative effects on employees. One of these effects is the stress experienced by the employees when using technology in innovation based organizations. This stress experienced by employees is called “technostress”. The motivation of this paper is to research chain supermarket industry employees’ attitudes regarding technostress. In this context, a survey form, which includes demographic questions and the Technostress Scale with 14 items was prepared and delivered to the potential participants. 184 employees participated in the research. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, non-parametric tests and post-hoc tests were applied to the gathered data. Findings show that there is statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between demographic characteristics (gender, marital status, age) of the participants and their attitudes towards technostress. In addition, according to the participants the most important items of the Technostress Scale are “I have co-workers who are more knowledgeable than me about the technology I use at my workplace”, “Frequent updates are made to the technological devices we use at my workplace” and “We constantly use new technologies at my workplace”. Furthermore, post-hoc tests show that, in the context of gender characteristics the difference stems from women participants, in the frame of marital status characteristics it is found that the difference stems from single participants. Finally, it is found that in the frame of age characteristics the difference stems from 30-39 age group. The fact that there is hardly no researches on technostress in the frame of chain supermarkets in literature, causes the current study to constitute originality. Therefore, it is expected that this research will shed light to both future researchers and professionals.

An experimental study on the viola playing status of violin playing students

Done Gorkem Kumtepe — 2025-06-15

In this context, lack of viola instructors at high schools of fine arts in Turkey and this research is conducted in an attempt to propose solutions. Purpose of this study is to find out how viola courses are conducted at high schools with no viola instructors, and to identify the skill levels of violin students studying music teaching at faculties of education, in terms of their abilities to play the viola. Despite their differences in size and clefs, playability of the instruments by a single player in the same way play a significant role in this study in terms of its qualification as a pilot test for violin and viola; and the potential contributions to viola education by violin students who are able to play the viola. Qualitative research approach was utilized in the study and the research model was based on case study and experimental design. All the data obtained were interpreted qualitatively through content analysis. For the study group of students, trial viola courses based on c clef education were prepared for students who voluntarily participated in the study, and their before and after achievements were evaluated. It was observed that the participants revealed a significant success rate from the beginning until the end of this educational period. In the study, it was also concluded that, an additional elective viola course to the scope of violin courses within music teaching departments may serve as a solution for the problem of lack of viola instructors, detected in study group of teachers.

Combating fuel smuggling in Türkiye: A comprehensive analysis of criminal and regulatory frameworks

Hasim Ozkurt — 2025-06-15

This study examines the legal dimensions of fuel smuggling within the framework of Anti-Smuggling Law No. 5607. The primary objective of the research is to identify legal challenges encountered in combating fuel smuggling and develop solution proposals. Türkiye’s geostrategic position as a central hub in energy trade, coupled with lower fuel prices in neighboring countries, creates conditions conducive to smuggling activities. This situation results in tax revenue losses for public finance, poses risks to environmental and public health, and provides financial resources to organized crime syndicates. The review evaluates interpretative differences in the law's application through Supreme Court precedents and analyzes the effectiveness of sanctions and judicial proceedings. The research particularly focuses on issues such as varying judicial interpretations of legislative amendments, the inability to establish unified case law, and the inadequacy of deterrent sanctions. Within the framework of Supreme Court jurisprudence, the effects of implementation disparities and lengthy judicial proceedings on the right to fair trial have been examined in detail. The research findings indicate the necessity of revising legislation according to current needs, strengthening the sanctions system, and establishing unified case law among judicial bodies. Furthermore, the study recommends developing international cooperation mechanisms and expanding technological monitoring systems. The research presents comprehensive recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of legal regulations in combating fuel smuggling and systematically addresses the criminal law aspects of the issue.

The development of 21st Century Skills Competence Perceptions Scale: A validity and reliability study

Selda Aksut — 2025-06-15

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable assessment tool to determine the perceptions of preservice teachers about competency of the 21st century skills. The sample of the sample consisted of 5396 first, second, third, and fourth-year preservice teachers who were studying in different departments at the Faculties of Education of Dokuz Eylül, Fırat, Kilis 7 Aralık, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, İnönü, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli, and Dicle Universities in the 2020-2021 academic year. The study was conducted in accordance with the survey model. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale accounted for 64.43% of the total variance and formed a 3-factor structure consisting of 44 items. The structure of the scale was confirmed with the fit indices obtained as a result of the first and second level confirmatory factor analysis (chi-square/degrees of freedom= 5.04, root mean square error of approximation= 0.041, comparative fit index= 0.91, non-normed fit index= 0.91, square root of standardized residual means= 0.042). In order to determine the reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was calculated on the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis sample group and it was determined that the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients of the overall scale and its sub-dimensions varied between 0,84 and 0,96. As a result of the test-retest analysis of the scale, the correlation coefficient between the first and second applications was determined as 0.93 for the total score of the scale; whereas, it was determined as 0,94 for the first factor, 0,83 for the second factor, and 0.94 for the third factor. Results of the study have indicated that the scale of perceptions of 21^st century skills competency is a valid and reliable assessment tool.

Applications of wearable sensor technology for health monitoring in sports: Laboratory setup and requirements and future perspectives

Metin Pekgor — 2025-06-15

Wearable sensor technology is at the forefront of innovation, transforming health monitoring and sports sciences with its ability to collect and analyze real-time data. These sensors, integrated seamlessly into clothing, accessories, or skin-like patches, enable non-invasive tracking of physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, and movement patterns. For athletes, this data provides actionable insights to optimize performance, prevent injuries, and support recovery. Beyond individual health, wearable sensors are pivotal in structural health monitoring (SHM), where they ensure the safety and functionality of large sports facilities by detecting stress, vibrations, and early structural weaknesses. Driven by advancements in digitization, wireless technologies, recycled materials, and emerging quantum materials, wearable sensors have undergone significant evolution through enhanced manufacturing processes such as 3D printing. This dual application in human health and structural integrity highlights their critical role in creating safer, smarter, and more sustainable environments. This study explores the transformative potential of wearable sensors in sports sciences and structural monitoring, emphasizing their use in optimizing athlete health and maintaining infrastructure safety. Additionally, it examines the infrastructure and equipment requirements for establishing a cutting-edge wearable sensor research laboratory in a university setting. By bridging human well-being and structural reliability, wearable sensor technology advances not only health and performance but also innovation and sustainability, marking it as a cornerstone for future progress in sports and health sciences.

The role of maps in the development of spatial thinking skills in geography education: A qualitative document analysis

Adem Yucel — 2025-06-15

Considering today’s spatial problems, maps, which are spatial representation tools, are very important for spatial thinking skills and their development. The aim of the research is to examine the importance of maps in the development of spatial thinking skills in geography teaching with an interdisciplinary understanding. The study group of the research consists of theses, articles, meeting reports and books written on spatial thinking skills. The research is a qualitative research and the data was collected through document review. In the research, concepts such as space, spatial thinking, spatial thinking skills, the importance of spatial thinking skills and how maps are effective in the development of spatial thinking skills are explained. The role of maps in the development of spatial thinking skills is discussed separately in terms of map elements such as title, legend, scale, coordinate system and direction arrow. The data collected as a result of the literature review in the research was analyzed descriptively. According to the findings of the research, it was determined that spatial thinking starts at an early age, maps are the most important representation tools of space in the development of spatial thinking, map elements, cartographic features of maps and map reading affect spatial perception and spatial thinking. It has been concluded that there should be a geometric harmony between the reader and the map when reading maps, that comprehensive spatial concepts should be used when analyzing space, that factors such as the projection method used, the coordinate system, the selection of a map appropriate for the student’s age, the harmony of symbols and colors used in maps affect the development of spatial thinking skills.

Truth tree short-cut rules for biconditional and exclusive disjunction propositions

Fikret Osman — 2025-06-15

In this article, it is tried to decide shortcut rules for checking biconditional and exclusive disjunction propositions using the truth tree method. In the first part of the study, it is put forward that since biconditional and exclusive disjunction propositions cannot be directly reduced to conjunction, disjunction, conditional and converse conditional propositions, the decompositions made by using the antecedent component and then the posterior component related to stacking and branching cannot be determined as a shortcut rule by using the truth tree method. In the second part of the study, the biconditional and exclusive disjunction propositions are decomposed by first taking the posterior component and then the antecedent component. Accordingly, it is shown that none of the four branching variations, and the stacking variations in which the posterior component is taken first and then the antecedent component, and the posterior component is taken first and then the negation of the antecedent component, give the same results as the analyses made with the standard truth tree rules; and therefore, these decompositions cannot be used as shortcut rules by the truth tree method. However, when it is stacked and first the negation of the posterior component and then the negation of the antecedent component are taken, it is put forward that the affirmation of the biconditional proposition and the negation of the exclusive disjunction proposition give the same results as the standard truth tree method; in addition, when it is stacked and first the negation of the posterior component and then the antecedent component are taken, it is seen that the negation of the biconditional proposition and the affirmation of the exclusive disjunction proposition give the same results as the standard truth tree method.

Consumer behavior in the digital world: Social media usage, brand attitude and consumer purchasing trends

Cemal Guler — 2025-06-15

In the digital world, consumer behavior transforms social media usage and brand attitude. Social media is not only a communication tool but also a marketing tool that affects consumer behavior. In this context, the research was conducted to determine the relationship between social media usage, brand attitude and consumer purchasing tendencies of students studying in different departments of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Sports Sciences. The study is a descriptive and relational exploratory type research conducted in accordance with the screening model, one of the quantitative research methods. The study group consisted of 275 students of the faculty of sports sciences, 63.3% of whom were female and 36.7% male, selected with the purposeful sampling method. Personal information form, Social Media Usage Scale, Brand Attitude Scale and Pre-Purchase Consumer Behavior Scale on Social Media were used as data collection tools. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics were used as well as parametric tests for comparisons between groups. The reliability levels of the scales used in the study were evaluated. A significant difference was found between the pre-purchase consumer behavior of social media according to the gender, economic level and frequency of social media use of the participants. In the study, a significant difference was found between the pre-purchase social media consumer behavior according to the gender, economic level and social media usage frequency of the participants. While a significant difference was found between the brand attitude and social media usage level according to the socio-economic level and social media usage frequency, no significant difference was found between the level of social media usage and brand attitude according to gender. As a result, social media usage, brand attitude and pre-purchase consumer behavior on social media vary according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants.

Government expenditure and growth in MIST countries: Testing the armey curve

Yunus Savas — 2025-06-15

The correlation between government expenditure and economic development has been a subject of considerable interest within academic research and policymaking forums. The present study undertakes an investigation into the quadratic impact of this relationship drawing insights from the ARMEY curve hypothesis. It focuses on the MIST countries (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkiye) during the period from 1960 to 2023. The employment of the Westerlund cointegration test reveals the existence of a long-term relationship, indicating that all variables are cointegrated. The Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator further demonstrates that South Korea validates the ARMEY curve, while Indonesia and Mexico exhibit a positive relationship amongst variables. It is also concluded that, Turkiye does not demonstrate a significant quadratic relationship. The study’s findings underscore the notion that government spending exerts distinct impacts on economic growth across different nations, thereby invalidating the widely held belief that the inverse-U shape relationship is universally applicable to the ARMEY curve. The results imply that government spending can have a positive effect on economic growth independent of reaching a threshold, thus challenging the conventional understanding of its impact on economic performance. This study underscores the need to consider country-specific factors when assessing the role of government spending in driving economic growth.

An analysis of writing errors made by fourth-grade primary school students

Esra Nur Demirtas — 2025-06-15

The aim of this study is to identify the writing errors of fourth-grade primary school students and to provide suggestions for their correction. The study was conducted using a case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The study group was determined using the purposive sampling method, specifically the appropriate sampling technique, and consisted of 20 fourth-grade students attending public schools. During the data collection process, students were presented with five different topics by the researcher and were asked to select one to write a narrative text. The written texts were evaluated using the “Writing Error Identification Form” and the “Writing Skills Observation Form.” The collected data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of the study revealed that students made various errors in their writing skills. These errors included pencil grip, writing in accordance with the line, omitting or adding letters, mixing up letters, leaving appropriate spaces between words and letters, using punctuation marks correctly, posture while writing, writing speed, and letter size. In particular, it was observed that errors related to the use of capital letters and punctuation marks, as well as letter omission and letter mixing, were common.

Artificial intelligence in education: Bibliometric analysis of postgraduate theses in Türkiye

Sevil Guven — 2025-06-15

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly significant role in education today, with applications such as student assessment, personalized teaching, process optimization, and enhancing teacher performance. Its transformative potential enables the creation of innovative learning environments, bridging gaps in traditional teaching methods and offering scalable solutions to educational challenges. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of postgraduate theses on AI in education in Türkiye to evaluate the current research landscape and provide insights for future studies. Among 751 AI-related theses, 24 were specifically identified as focusing on education, with titles explicitly emphasizing these fields. The analysis reveals that AI-related theses in education have grown significantly since 2019, peaking in 2022 and 2023. Despite this growth, findings highlight a predominant focus on technical applications, such as information technologies, while direct classroom applications remain limited. Most of these theses adopt qualitative research methods, emphasizing in-depth exploration over large-scale data analysis. Additionally, a high proportion of theses are at the master’s level, reflecting a need for more doctoral-level research in the field. Key trends include a preference for convenience sampling methods and a concentration of research in social sciences. Furthermore, the study identifies significant variations in citation counts and sample sizes, underscoring diverse research approaches and objectives. Ethical considerations, teacher training, and infrastructural challenges were highlighted as critical barriers to AI integration in education. This study highlights the pressing need for more comprehensive research on integrating AI into educational practices and aims to guide future work in this domain.

The relationship between university students’ attitudes towards sports and anger control skills

Ender Ozbek — 2025-06-15

The purpose of this study is to examine university students’ attitudes towards sports and anger control skills in terms of various variables. The survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. While the study population consists of undergraduate students actively continuing their education, the research sample consists of students studying in different departments at Dicle University. Personal information form, attitude towards sports scale, and trait anger-anger style scale were used as data collection tools in the research. In the analysis of the data, frequency distributions, arithmetic means, standard deviation calculations were made, and independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation analysis were used. As a result of the analyses, significant differences were found in favor of women between gender variable and anger control skills, in favor of men between sports participation status and attitude towards sports, in favor of individuals aged 25 and over in the age variable with interest in sports, total dimension of attitude towards sports, and anger control frequency sub-dimension. Furthermore, differences were found in favor of sports sciences, art and design faculty between faculty variable and attitude towards sports and anger control skills, in favor of 2nd and 4th grades in the class variable with active sports participation, trait anger and externalized anger, and total dimension of anger control skills, and in favor of those who have been doing sports for 1-3 years between sports year variable and total dimension of attitude towards sports and anger control skills. Additionally, a low-level positive correlation was found between the participating students’ attitudes towards sports and their anger control skills.

Problem solving skills of computer programming students of vocational school

Rahime Celik Gorgut — 2025-06-15

The aim of this study is to determine the mathematical problem-solving skills of students in the computer programming of vocational schools and to reveal their opinions on the relationship between their skills in using computer programming languages and their mathematical problem-solving skills. The design of the study is an explanatory case study, which is one of the types of case studies. The participants of the study consist of students enrolled in a computer programming program at a university in Turkiye, determined through the convenience sampling method. The research data were collected through a “problem-solving skills test” and a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher with expert opinions. While the problem-solving skills test was administered to 243 students, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 students. During the data analysis process, the frequency and percentage values of the answers to each question in the problem-solving skills test were calculated. The data obtained from the semi-structured interview form were analyzed using the traditional (conventional) content analysis method. To ensure the reliability of the content analysis process, the criteria of consistency, repeatability, and accuracy were addressed, while the criteria of credibility, transferability, and repeatability were considered for the reliability of the study. As a result of the data analysis, it was observed that the mathematical problem-solving skills of computer programming students were at a very low level. However, it has been determined that the students consider themselves to be at an intermediate level in terms of mathematical problem-solving and using computer programming languages. Additionally, it has been observed that students believe their mathematical problem-solving skills benefit them in computer programming, and conversely, their computer programming skills positively impact their mathematical problem-solving abilities. To enable students to develop the necessary critical thinking skills required for computer programming, course content aimed at imparting mathematical problem-solving skills can be included in programming education curricula.

The role of physical activity in the psychosocial empowerment of woman: An examination of the Cinderella Complex

Gamze Akyol — 2025-06-15

The rationale behind this study is based on the assumption that participation in physical activity may enhance women’s self-confidence and sense of independence, thereby reducing gendered attitudes and the expectation of being rescued—both of which are foundational to the Cinderella Complex. This study aims to examine the levels of the Cinderella Complex among women who are engaged in emotional relationships and participate in physical activities, with a focus on various demographic variables. This quantitative study, designed in a survey model, included 207 women over the age of 18 living in Aydın, Türkiye, who reported being in an emotional relationship. Data were collected using the Cinderella Complex Scale and a demographic information form prepared by the researcher. Normal distribution was confirmed for the dataset, and parametric tests were used in the analysis. In addition, the relationship between the duration of participation in physical activity and the Cinderella Complex was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The findings revealed that participants’ levels of the Cinderella Complex were moderate overall. Higher scores were associated with lower levels of education, having children, and shorter durations of participation in physical activity. Notably, women who had engaged in regular physical activity for 12 months or more exhibited significantly lower levels of the Cinderella Complex. These differences were particularly evident in the subdimensions of gendered attitudes and career renunciation. The results suggest that women with lower education levels and those who identified strongly with motherhood roles were more likely to internalize traditional gender roles. Conversely, women who participated regularly in physical activity showed reduced tendencies to avoid responsibility and demonstrated higher levels of individual autonomy. At the subscale level, these findings indicate that physical activity may play a mitigating role in the psychological components of the Cinderella Complex.

Early age marriages in the example of İhsan Raif Hanım and Nigar Hanım

Sibel Karadeniz Yagmur — 2025-06-15

This study will examine the consequences of early marriages in the context of the marriages and literary identities of İhsan Raif Hanım and Nigâr Hanım, as well as how early marriages are represented in folk culture and how criticized in contemporary times. This evaluation will be carried out in light of Web of Science indexed publications, theses on the subject, and articles written on the internet. İhsan Raif Hanım did not have the right to choose her first husband, and was deceived and forced into marriage at the age of 13. At 27, she became a mother of three children and later separated from her husband. Nigâr Hanım married at the age of 13 and had an unhappy marriage. She had three children from this marriage, but did not find happiness with her husband and suffered from mental health issues. Nigâr Hanım’s memoir, Hayatımın Hikâyesi, reflects the troubled period of her marriage. İhsan Raif Hanım and Nigâr Hanım, being married off at a young age and later experiencing unhappy marriages, have secured an important place in our literary history by reflecting these experiences in their poetry. Every year, twelve million girls worldwide are married before the age of eighteen. Among married women aged 20-24, 20% were married as children. Early and forced marriages continue to be a societal issue and a violation of human rights. Supporting the education of girls and eliminating poverty and gender inequality will contribute to solving this issue.

Brain drain from Europe and Turkiye to the U.S.: A critical literature review

H. Zeynep Yurtoglu Tetik — 2025-06-15

This study examines brain drain from Europe and Turkiye to the United States through a comparative perspective, critically analyzing key approaches in the literature. While brain drain has been a longstanding topic of research in the context of high-skilled migration, individual experiences, academic integration, and the role of diasporas have been relatively understudied. Existing studies indicate that migration motivations differ between Europe and Turkiye. While European scholars migrate mainly for scientific collaborations and research opportunities, Turkish academics often cite academic freedom, publishing opportunities, and access to scientific resources as primary factors. This study evaluates the similarities and differences between these two migration patterns while assessing the methodological and theoretical frameworks used in brain drain research. It highlights the limited presence of qualitative studies in the literature and underscores the necessity of focusing more on individual migration narratives. Analyzing personal migration stories in depth will provide a broader perspective on the phenomenon of brain drain. In this context, a critical literature review method was adopted. The review covered both qualitative and quantitative studies and was structured around the push-pull model, human capital theory, and migration systems theory as key conceptual frameworks. Finally, the comparative analysis of brain drain from developing to developed countries versus academic mobility between developed nations is expected to offer significant insights into migration literature and science policy discussions.

Argumentation and the effect of bilingualism on argumentation

Hussam Serhat Dasci — 2025-06-15

The aim of our study is to examine the relationship by focusing on the impact of both cognitive and experiential (cumulative) factors on argumentative ability in bilingual individuals. Argumentation emerges as a frequently utilized mechanism in daily life—not only for reaching “truthful” knowledge but also for persuading others and achieving mutual understanding. In this process, existing knowledge is filtered through logical reasoning to support purpose-driven thinking. The knowledge involved extends beyond linguistic and argumentative structures, encompassing both universal and context-specific information. The aim, in this context, refers to the individual’s assessment of their own situation and the stance they adopt based on this self-positioning. As personal knowledge and contextual factors influence one’s goals, this results in variability in how claims are constructed and justified in everyday reasoning. Consequently, it becomes evident why discussions on similar topics may reference diverse sources such as scientific knowledge, personal traits, emotional experiences, case examples, cultural values, or societal norms. When viewed through the lens of bilingualism, the issue takes on a new dimension. Individuals who navigate and develop across two or more linguistic and cultural domains differ significantly from monolinguals in this regard. The cognitive and linguistic resources afforded by bilingualism—including knowledge about language, argumentation, and reasoning acquired through language—highlight a compelling relationship between bilingualism and argumentation. This relationship merits further exploration, particularly in terms of how accumulated experience and cognitive capacities influence argumentative practices.