This study aimed to examine the rapid weight loss methods employed by female combat sport athletes prior to competition, as well as their effects on health and performance, in the light of national and international literature. Based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, TR Dizin, and YÖK Thesis Center databases between January 2010 and July 2025. Core concepts such as 'Female Combat Sport Athletes,' 'Rapid Weight Loss,' 'Performance,' and 'Health' were searched in both Turkish and English. Full-text, peer-reviewed studies focusing on female combat sport athletes, addressing rapid weight loss strategies, and providing information on health, performance, motor, and psychological effects were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a total of eight studies were reviewed. Among rapid weight loss strategies, sweating, sauna use, spitting, water restriction, laxative/diuretic use, food restriction, and excessive exercise were identified as the most common methods. Negative health consequences included electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, hormonal disturbances, immune suppression, RED-S symptoms, and risks of eating disorders. From a performance perspective, declines were observed in balance, agility, endurance, and strength parameters. The findings highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to weight management in female athletes. Future research is recommended to focus on long-term, experimental designs tailored specifically to female combat sport athletes and rapid weight loss.