This research aims to examine the development process of sport aviation in Türkiye from a historical perspective, analyzing the influence of the Soviet Union (Russia) on this process within a multi-dimensional framework. During the early years of the Republic, aviation was considered not only a military field of activity but also a crucial element of modernization, nation-building, and social mobilization; accordingly, the establishment of the Turkish Aviation Society and Türkkuşu played a decisive role in the institutionalization of sport aviation. The study employs a historical research model from qualitative research methods, and data obtained through document analysis are evaluated using descriptive analysis techniques. The findings show that the development of sport aviation in Türkiye cannot be explained solely by internal dynamics; international interactions—especially relations with the Soviet Union—played a significant role in this process. The participation of Soviet experts in training activities, technical equipment support, and the transfer of organizational models were influential in shaping the institutional and educational structure of sport aviation. However, it was determined that Türkiye did not directly copy the Soviet model, but rather reinterpreted and applied it in a way that suited its own social, political, and cultural dynamics. In this context, the development of sport aviation in Türkiye has been evaluated not as a simple model transfer, but as a process of “selective adaptation and reproduction.” Consequently, the study reveals that sport aviation is more than just a technical development area; it is a multi-layered structure intertwined with processes of modernization, nation-building, and international interaction.