Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol <p>Journal of ROL Sport Sciences (JROLSS) aims to provide an important resource in developing every aspect of sport with the understanding of bringing together topics that will contribute to the education, practice and theoretical fields of sport:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Training Science</strong>: Exercise Physiology, Physical Activity and Health, Physical Fitness, Movement and Training Science, Nutrition and Doping in Sport, Sports Genetics</li> <li><strong>Physical Education and Sport Education</strong>: Skill Learning, Educational Games, Sport Education</li> <li><strong>Sport Management</strong>: Sport Economics, Sport History, Organizational Behavior in Sport, Recreation Management in Sport, Consumer Behavior in Sport</li> </ul> <p>JROLSS only accepts articles in English and Turkish. Authors should use only one spelling style (British, American or Turkish) in their articles.</p> <p><strong>Publication Frequency [<span style="font-family: Arial;">Quarterly</span>]: </strong>JROLSS publishes quarterly from 2023 -Exception of the Special Issues- (<strong>March</strong>,<strong> June</strong>, <strong>September</strong> and <strong>December</strong>). </p> <p><strong>Visibility:</strong> indexed within <a href="https://www.ebsco.com/m/ee/Marketing/titleLists/eft-coverage.htm?fbclid=PAAaYxMfe5vCVWo63rpSS34Qrf8rXXfdcPG_r483kjpeqqUS4L_IrL52bvseQ_aem_th_ATbdwKjMDo1zXMWyCXjE6iXEj6_Tm3HTzzVXf7pO7KZPMxVnUoGw08377O-GCZleRx8">H.W Wilson</a>, <a href="https://www.ebsco.com/m/ee/Marketing/titleLists/s4h-coverage.htm">SPORTDiscus</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2717-9508">DOAJ</a>, <a href="https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/45279">Sherpa Romeo</a>, <a href="https://www.ebsco.com/title-lists">EBSCO</a>, <a href="https://kanalregister.hkdir.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/periodical/info?id=505855">ERIHPLUS</a>, <a href="https://atif.sobiad.com/index.jsp?modul=dergi-sayfasi&amp;ID=Fqszz4kBQzmg-9NMUam8">SOBIAD</a>, <a href="https://www.cabi.org/leisuretourism/search/?q=2717-9508&amp;topics=4d273f3a-6bad-4bb2-baee-23e930c8aeca">CABI Leisure Tourism</a>, <a href="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/search/?q=do%3A%22Journal%20of%20ROL%20Sport%20Sciences%22">CABI Abstracts and Global Health Database</a> and <a href="https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/indexing">other databases</a>.</p> Red & River Publications en-US Journal of ROL Sport Sciences 2717-9508 An examination of good governance principles in municipal sports institutions https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/531 <p class="TURKISHABSTRACT"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">The aim of this research is to examine the elements of good governance in the sports sector and to determine the impact of various demographic variables on the evaluation of the implementation of good governance principles. By focusing on local-level applications of good governance, this study fills an important gap in understanding how key principles such as transparency, accountability, and participation are reflected in practice. The study was conducted on managers working for one of the largest sports organizations in Türkiye, Spor Istanbul. The sample group consisted of 76 managers, 43% male (n = 33) and 57% female (n = 43), selected using a purposeful sampling method. Participants were administered the Good Governance Principles Scale alongside a personal information form. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS. Statistical methods such as T-tests, ANOVA, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were employed to explore relationships between demographic variables and governance dimensions. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in participants’ perceptions of good governance based on gender and educational status. Female managers scored higher across all sub-dimensions—transparency, participation and democracy, control mechanisms, integrity, and solidarity and development—highlighting the potential influence of gender on governance awareness. Additionally, participants with a master’s degree demonstrated higher awareness in the transparency dimension, suggesting that educational attainment contributes to a deeper understanding of governance-related accountability. However, variables such as age, position, and years of service did not yield significant differences, indicating that governance perceptions may be shaped more by individual attributes than institutional roles. These results emphasize the importance of enhancing diversity and education-focused training within sports organizations to strengthen governance culture. Ultimately, the study contributes to the literature by evidencing how demographic factors intersect with governance principles and underscores the necessity of inclusive, transparent practices in municipal sports institutions.</span></p> Gulsah Akkaya Aytekin Alpullu Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 189 207 10.70736/jrolss.531 The effect of ladder drills on physical performance after warm-up in tennis https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/535 <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different warm-up protocols on jump, change of direction, and sprint performances in tennis players. The study included 16 tennis players (9 females, 7 males; age: 13.93 ± 0.85 years; height: 172.31 ± 5.59 cm; body weight: 58.12 ± 4.77 kg; body mass index (BMI): 19.62 ± 2.02 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) who train 5 days a week and have engaged in tennis for at least 4 years. In this randomized, cross-over design study &nbsp;subjects were divided into control, dynamic warm-up (DW), and dynamic warm-up + ladder drills (DWL) groups. In the control group, 5 minutes of jogging was performed before the tests, followed by 5 minutes of passive rest, and then physical tests were performed. In the DW protocol, DW exercises were performed after 5 minutes of jogging and 2 minutes of rest, followed by 5 minutes of rest before the tests. In the DWL protocol, DW and ladder drills were performed after 5 minutes of running and 2 minutes of rest, and performance tests were then executed. Performance measurements included countermovement jump, 505 change of direction, and 5, 10, and 15-meter sprint tests. While a statistically significant difference was found in the 505 agility test (p&lt;0.05), no significant difference was detected in the sprint and jump tests (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that the DWL procedure significantly increased tennis players' change of direction performance.</p> Mekki Abdioglu Muhammed Oniz Hakkı Mor Şevket Tugay Sabancı Ahmet Mor Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 208 223 10.70736/jrolss.535 The effect of intensive fencing training on attention levels of fencing athletes https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/539 <p>This study examined the effect of intensive fencing training on the attention levels of fencing athletes. 32 fencing athletes aged 12-14 who had participated in fencing competitions for at least 2 years participated in the study. The participants were administered the d2 attention test. Pre-tests were administered before the start of a 1-week intensive fencing training program, and post-tests were administered after the end of the training program. Normally distributed data were analyzed using the Dependent Samples t-Test, and non-normally distributed data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. In line with the data obtained, it was determined that the attention levels of fencing athletes aged 12-14 years increased significantly with short-term intensive fencing training. The study should shed light on future research that contributes to the literature.</p> Ceren Suveren Kemal Arda Kurt Serdar Uslu Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 224 235 10.70736/jrolss.539 Landing mechanics as a predictor of lower extremity injury risk in elite female wrestlers: A prospective study https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/590 <p>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between landing mechanics and lower extremity injury risk in elite female wrestlers. Considering the biomechanical requirements of wrestling, we hypothesized that elevated LESS scores would correspond to an increased injury risk. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 47 elite female wrestlers from the Turkish national team. Before the competitive season, participants underwent a standardized jump-landing assessment, and LESS scores were recorded. Injury occurrences were monitored throughout the two seasons. We conducted a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to establish the optimal LESS cut-off value for predicting injury occurrence. The relationship between LESS scores and injury risk was evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The optimal LESS cut-off score was identified as 5.5 (AUC = 0.683, p = 0.025), with a sensitivity of 71.43% and specificity of 65.38%. Athletes with LESS scores &gt;5 demonstrated a significantly higher injury incidence (p = 0.012). Notably, among the 21 athletes with LESS scores above the cut-off value, 15 experienced injuries. An increased risk of lower extremity injury was observed in elite female wrestlers exhibiting higher LESS scores. These findings highlight the importance of LESS as a screening tool for injury prevention strategies. Future studies should explore targeted neuromuscular training programs to enhance landing mechanics and reduce injury risk.</p> Ajlan Saç İsa Sağıroğlu Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 237 249 10.70736/jrolss.590 The personality structure and mindfulness levels of football players: Enneagram theory https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/612 <p>Studying mindfulness levels and personality types in soccer players is crucial for understanding the psychological factors that influence athletic performance. This study investigated the relationship between soccer players’ mindfulness levels and enneagram personality types. Study involved 207 active licensed football players from Turkish clubs, comprising 38 females (mean age 18.78±3.23) and 169 males (mean age 22.68±6.31). The data collection process utilized the Enneagram Personality Test and Mindfulness Inventory for Sport. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the perfectionist personality type and the compromising (r=0.63) and helping (r=0.60) personality types. The non-judgmental (r=-0.46) and refocusing (r=-0.43) sub-dimensions showed the strongest negative relationships. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using mindfulness sub-dimensions as dependent variables. The first model found significant predictors for achiever (β=0.233), authentic (β=0.169), and compromiser (β=0.219) personality types. The second model identified perfectionist (β=-0.238), authentic (β=-0.167), head (β=-0.191), and compromiser (β=-0.186) types. The third model found that achievers (β=0.241) and authentic (β=0.327) types were significant predictors. Enneagram personality types explained considerable variance in the mindfulness (R<sup>2</sup>=0.35), non-judgement (R<sup>2</sup>=0.23), and refocusing (R<sup>2</sup>=0.35) sub-dimensions. Regression analyses indicated that Enneagram personality types were significant predictors of athletes’ mindfulness (R² = 0.35), non-judgement (R² = 0.23), and refocusing (R² = 0.35) levels, with the achiever, authentic, and compromiser types being the most impactful predictors. These findings demonstrate that Enneagram Theory effectively elucidates the relationship between soccer players’ mindfulness levels and personality types, providing valuable insights for sports science literature.</p> Mehmet Kara Nuriye Şeyma Kara Murat Genç Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 250 266 10.70736/jrolss.612 Determining the exercise and nutrition habits of individuals who go to fitness centers https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/624 <p class="TURKISHABSTRACT"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-style: normal;">The aim of this study was to determine the exercise and nutrition habits of individuals who go to fitness centers. The research group consisted of 127 volunteer participants (80 men, 47 women) who regularly attend fitness centers in the provincial center of Bitlis, Turkiye. The survey technique was used as the data collection method. In order to obtain the data, the “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher and the “Nutrition-Exercise Behavior Scale (NEBS)” consisting of 45 questions that evaluate the exercise and nutrition habits of the participants were used. SPSS statistics program was used in the analysis of the data. The demographic information of the research group, nutrition and exercise behaviors were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation. The significance level was determined as p&lt;0.05. The findings showed that gender did not significantly affect nutrition and exercise habits; however, factors such as education level (especially postgraduate) and age (24-29 range) played a significant role in healthy lifestyle behaviors. Although the effect of these variables on psychological eating and meal regularity was limited, it was determined that weekly exercise frequency was related to healthy nutrition. As a result, it was determined that the sub-dimensions of nutritional habits in individuals who go to fitness centers differ according to various variables. In addition, it was observed that individuals who go to fitness centers generally have conscious and regular exercise and nutritional habits, but these vary depending on personal goals, lifestyle and nutritional knowledge. It was concluded that personalized education and guidance services are important to support healthy and sustainable habits.</span></p> Korhan Kavuran Ramazan Erdogan Sezgin Bal Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 267 280 10.70736/jrolss.624 Investigation of the relationship between sedentary women’s physical activity levels and attitudes towards leisure time https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/625 <p>This study aims to examine the relationship between the physical activity levels of sedentary women and their attitudes towards leisure time. The research was conducted on a total of 828 sedentary women participating in physical activities in private gyms in Kırıkkale, Türkiye. A quantitative research method using a relational survey model was employed, and participants' physical activity levels were compared with their leisure time perceptions. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, with normality distribution assessed through the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine the effects of demographic variables. The findings revealed significant relationships between the physical activity levels of sedentary women and their attitudes towards leisure time. In particular, women with a positive attitude towards leisure time had higher physical activity levels. Additionally, differences in physical activity participation and leisure time attitudes were observed based on participants' age, educational status, and socioeconomic level. These findings highlight the need to improve the leisure time perceptions of sedentary women to enhance their physical activity levels. In conclusion, it is crucial to develop strategies aimed at fostering positive leisure time attitudes to encourage women's participation in physical activities.</p> Döndü Uğurlu Abdüsselam Turgut Hakan Yapıcı Zeynep Baser Büsra Emlek Mehmet Gülü Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 281 299 10.70736/jrolss.625 An investigation of media usage purposes and social media addiction levels of faculty of sport sciences students https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/1759 <p>The aim of this study is to examine the media usage purposes and social media addiction levels of students in Faculties of Sport Sciences. The study was conducted using a quantitative research design based on the descriptive survey model. An online questionnaire was administered to a total of 900 students (486 female, 414 male) enrolled in various Sport Sciences faculties. The data collection tools included a "Personal Information Form", the "Media Usage Purposes Scale" and the "Social Media Addiction Scale". Independent Samples T-Test was used to analyze the data. Group comparisons were made based on variables such as gender, department, year of study, type of social media platform used, and duration of use. According to the findings, there were no statistically significant differences in students' media usage purposes based on gender, class level, or type of social media platform (p&gt;0.05); however, male students in the Recreation department had significantly higher social media addiction scores compared to their female counterparts (p&lt;0.05). No other significant differences were found among the remaining departments and variables (p&gt;0.05). Although a slight increase in addiction scores was observed with longer social media use, this increase was not statistically significant. When compared with the existing literature, the findings are generally consistent with previous studies and indicate that social media addiction is shaped by individual and contextual factors. In conclusion, media usage among sport sciences students is highly prevalent; however, the level at which this usage turns into addiction appears to be limited. The study aims to provide recommendations that may help students manage their relationship with digital media in a more conscious and controlled manner.</p> Recep Nur Uzun Bade Yamak Serhat Erail Özge Orhan Akar Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 300 313 10.70736/jrolss.1759 Vitamin D levels of athletes and their relationship with injury https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/611 <p>The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of vitamin D levels of athletes on sports disciplines, injury frequency and recovery time. A total of 204 participants, aged 18-25, who actively continue their sports life with a minimum of 10 years of sports experience, participated in the study. Participants consisted of athletes from Football n=34, Athletics n=34, Rugby n=34, Basketball n=34, Combat Sports n=34 and Fitness-Bodybuilding n=34 branches. A personal information form, developed by the researcher, was applied to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants. Demographic information was used to examine whether there was a relationship between sport type, injury frequency, and recovery time. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 171 athletes (83.8%) had vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20ng/ml). Sports branches, injury history, and recovery time showed statistically significant results. Among the groups with different injury histories, a statistically significant difference was found in terms of vitamin D levels between the group without injury and the group with injury (p=0.000). Among groups with different return-to-sport times after injury, a statistically significant difference was found in vitamin D levels between the group that returned to sports within less than 1 month and the groups that took longer (p=0.001). These data have shown that vitamin D levels have a positive effect on athlete health.</p> Recai Bur Murat Eliöz Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 314 326 10.70736/jrolss.611 Imagery and shooting accuracy: Football and Handball https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/1652 <p>The aim of this research is to examine whether mental imagery is associated with shooting accuracy in the context of football and handball. This research was conducted using a quantitative research method, and the study group was determined through purposive sampling. Accordingly, the study group of 26 football players (Male: 16, Female: 10; age: 15.9±0.8 years, height: 169.7±9.6 cm, body weight: 61.9±8.5 kg) and 19 handball players (Male: 13, Female: 6; age: 15.4±1.1 years, height: 173.2±9.0 cm, body weight: 63.1±10.4 kg). The <em>“Sport Imagery Questionnaire,”</em> which has been validated and found reliable for the Turkish population, was used to assess imagery levels, while the <em>“Shooting Accuracy Test”</em> was employed to measure shooting performance. Based on the normality assumption of the data, <em>“Pearson”</em> correlation was used for relational analysis, and the <em>“Independent Samples T-Test”</em> was used for comparative analysis (α=0.05). The athletes’ average shooting accuracy score was 22.4±16.1, while their imagery score was 103.9±17.2. Although athletes demonstrated moderate to high levels of imagery, their shooting accuracy was found to be low to very low. No statistically significant relationship was found between shooting accuracy and imagery (p&gt;0.05). However, comparative analysis showed that male athletes had significantly higher shooting accuracy than females (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, athletes exhibited moderate to high levels of imagery; however, no significant relationship was observed between imagery and shooting accuracy (p&gt;0.05). In the context of this study, while mental imagery contributes to athletic performance, technical skill appears to play a more critical role. Therefore, it is recommended to implement training programs aimed at improving technical skills, along with cognitive/mental training methods.</p> Rıdvan Ergin Aynur Köse Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 327 338 10.70736/jrolss.1652 The effect of RWL on physical performance and physiology in weight athletes: A systematic review https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/533 <p>Athletes in combat sports try to gain an advantage in their weight classes by using various rapid weight loss strategies. However, these methods may not only cause athletes to experience negative physiological changes but also negatively affect their athletic performance. In this context, the current review systematically reviewed the existing literature in order to examine which rapid weight loss methods are most preferred by combat athletes and how the rapid weight loss methods they use affect physiological and performance parameters. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Taylor &amp; Francis databases were searched for the keywords “rapid weight loss OR acute weight loss” AND “physiological effect OR blood pressure OR blood values ​​OR hormonal changes” AND “physical performance OR athletic performance OR physical condition OR recovery”. The search results were limited to studies between the years 2019-2024. Methodologically, experimental studies that used a specific rapid weight loss method were examined. Reasoned exclusion criteria were applied and a total of 8 articles were examined in the review. As a result, dehydration due to rapid weight loss methods can have negative effects even in the short term, such as increased heart rate, headache, hot flushes, nausea, and dizziness, which can disrupt the athlete's comfort during the competition. Despite being aware of the dangers, rapid weight loss methods used by athletes and coaches increase the risk of serious muscle loss.</p> Seyma Guney Dilara Erkan Muhammed Uygar Sertkaya Semra Yatak Serhat Eker Fatma Nese Sahin Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 339 357 10.70736/jrolss.533 Sexualization of female athletes through media in historical process https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/1729 <p>In this study, we attempt to understand and explain to what extent the claims that the media treats female athletes as sexual objects and exploits them in some way reflect the truth, in what ways the media sexualizes female athletes, and the reactions of female athletes to the sexual objectification implemented by the media, based on available information and documents. In this qualitative study, which was designed based on a limited number of previous studies examining the coverage of female athletes in the media, document analysis, and literature review were used as data collection tools. To access the documents to be examined, an advanced search was conducted in the databases of the YOK National Thesis Center, SOBIAD, WoS, EBSCO, Scopus, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, Embase, DOAJ, Historical Abstracts, SciFinder Scholar, CORE, ASC, ERIC (via ProQuest), Sociological Abstracts, and Google Scholar. The documents included were read, understood, analyzed, evaluated, and synthesized. It was concluded that female athletes were subjected to overt systematic gender discrimination and sexual objectification by the media, that quantitative media coverage was significantly inadequate compared to male athletes, that female athletes were sexualized through the predominant visual and language used, and that the achievements of female athletes and women's sports were deliberately trivialized. It was understood that some female athletes approved of the media’s sexualization actions with the expectations of popularity and sponsorship, while others strongly opposed it. To prevent sexual objectification, media and sports organizations should include positive representations of female athletes. Young women’s skills in questioning and criticizing sexualized images should be developed through gender equality and media literacy education. Sexual objectification should be socially opposed. The reasons for the media’s dependence on sexualized female bodies should be further examined and discussed.</p> Filiz Yesildal Gülcan Tekin Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 358 387 10.70736/jrolss.1729 Aerobic exercise and catecolamine: A bibliometric analysis https://rrpubs.com/index.php/rol/article/view/1718 <p>This study performed a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on aerobic exercise and catecholamines to map the evolving knowledge structure in this important field, which has implications for both physical health and neurochemical regulation. Using data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, publications published between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed. VOSviewer software was employed to visualize co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citation patterns. The analysis focuses on publication trends, disciplines, keyword networks, authors, institutions, countries, and journals. The findings revealed that the number of publications showed a significant increase after 2010, while the number of citations peaked in 2015, exceeding 700 in 2021, but started to decline after 2022. Sports Sciences (102 publications) and physiology (74 publications) were the most dominant disciplines, while Endocrinology and Metabolism and Neurosciences also made significant contributions. Keyword networks showed that ‘catecholamines’ and ‘exercise’ were central concepts, linked to themes such as cardiovascular responses and insulin sensitivity. McMorris, T. (850 citations) and Kindermann, W. (839 citations) lead among authors, the University of Chichester (981 citations) leads among institutions, and the USA (5263 citations) leads among countries. Journal analysis revealed that the Journal of Applied Physiology has 1738 citations. The discussion emphasized the interdisciplinary nature of the field and its academic impact while highlighting the lack of local contributions, such as in Turkey. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and catecholamines offer a rich research area for both basic science and clinical applications. Suggestions include expanding the scope of bibliometric analyses using new analytical methods, focusing on underrepresented disciplines, and mapping the local literature. By mapping the current state of literature, this study aims to guide future research in this field.</p> Yasar Coruh Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of ROL Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 6 2 388 400 10.70736/jrolss.1718