Antik Dönem Yunan ve Ön Asya Toplumlarında Spordaki Ödüllerin Özellikleri

Cengiz BUYAR; Necati GURSES; Agajan CHOLIYEV

doi:10.70736/jozss.2002

Authors

Cengiz BUYAR Assoc. Prof. Kyrgyzstan-Türkiye Manas University, Faculty of Letters - Department of History, Bishkek/ Kyrgyzstan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-4463
Necati GURSES Asst. Prof. Giresun University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-5813
Agajan CHOLIYEV Ondokuz Mayıs University https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7112-6299

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70736/jozss.2002

Keywords:

Ancient Greek, , Turkic, Sport, Award

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of awards in sports in Ancient Greek and Near Eastern societies. A literature review has been conducted. In ancient times, there were no gold, silver, or bronze medals in the Olympic Games. It is sometimes noted that the expenses of athletes were covered by wealthy aristocrats. Symbolic awards were also observed in Ancient Greek sports. In funeral games, awards could vary depending on the status of the deceased and the generosity of the organizers. In funeral games, not only the competitors but also the spectators and awards were considered necessary. In Homeric epics, awards were seen as tripod cauldrons, horses and mules, strong oxen, elegantly dressed women, and raw iron. Awards represented the value of a deceased person. Some of the awards were given from the estate of Patroclus. The depiction of the Goddess of Victory crowning an athlete might suggest that successful individuals were rewarded similarly to today. In funeral games, the prizes awarded in the boxing category were a mule and a cup, which were considered valuable according to the values of the time. In wrestling, two awards were mentioned. The first-place prize was twelve large cattle, while the second prize was a woman who owned four cattle. In the discus throw competition of the funeral games, the award was a lump of raw iron. Although the awards given in ancient times differed between Ancient Greece and the early Turkic societies, they maintained their importance. However, it is widely perceived that they were more numerous in Ancient Greece. As in the present day, the awards given in universal competitions differed from those given in local events. There was diversity in the awards, and they were presented in ceremonies. In Ancient Greece, tripods, amphorae, oxen, and olive wreaths were prominent awards, whereas in Turkic societies, horses, male animals, and seals were prioritized. In other words, awards varied according to the cultural values of each nation.

References

Akıncı, A. Y. (2018). Eski Çağlarda Atletler (Sporcular): Eğitim, Antrenman, Beslenme ve Sporcu Yetiştirme Geleneği, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi.

Akmoldoyeva, B. B. (1989). Konevodstvo v Sisteme Traditsyonnogo Hozyaystva Kirgizov (Konets XIX-naçalo XX vv.), Frunze.

Bıyık, K., Yazıcı Y. (2023). Antik Yunan Olimpiyatları Atletizm, Atlı sporlar, Pankreas ve Güreş Figürleri Üzerine Düşünceler, sh.170-179, Spor Bilimlerinde Akademik Değerlendirmeler-1, (Editörler: Rafet ÜNVER -Yunus BERK),Duvar Yayınları, duvarkitabevi@gmail.com, Ankara,

Çağlar, T. (2016). Anadolu’da Antik Dönem Sportif Organizasyonlar ve Sportif Mekânlar, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 4, Sayı: 35,s. 455-469

Çınar, A.A. (1995). Divanu Lügati’t Türk’te At Kültürü. Türk Kültüründe At ve Çağdaş Atçılık. Emine Gürsoy Naskali. İstanbul: TJK Yayınları

Eils, J. (1992). Goddess and Polis: The Panathenanic Festival in Ancient Athens. Princeton: Princeton University Press.)

Garland, R. (2009). Daily Life of the Ancient Greeks, Westport, Greenwood Press,

İmamoğlu, M., İmamoğlu, G.(2018). Etruscan’s Sports Activities, Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 13(26), 725-744.

İmamoğlu, M., İmamoğlu, O. (2018).Before and During Roman Time The Naked Punch and with Gloves Boxing, The Journal of International Social Research, 11(59),560-567

İmamoğlu, O., Koca, F. (2021). “Antik Çağlarda Sporda Ödüller”, Bölüm 11,sh 155-174,Spor ve Bilim 6 (Editörler: Yalçın Tükel - Davut Atılga),,Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara

Koca, F., İmamoğlu O. (2018). Sport History of Countries Other Africa of Except Ancient Egypt, The Journal of International Social Research,11(61),1292-1304.

Kyle, Donald G. (2015). Sport and Spectacle in the Ancient World, Maiden, Wily Blackwell.

Miller, Stephen G. (2004). Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 31]

Neer, R. (2011). Greek Art and Archaeology: A New History, c. 2500-c. 150 BCE. Thames & Hudson. pp. 104, 183.).

Öz, E. (2016). Yazılı Kaynaklar ve Arkeolojik Buluntular Işığında, Mezopotamya’nın Erken Dönemlerinden Yeni Asur Devri Sonuna Kadar Kralların Av Faaliyetleri, The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, Number: 45, 143-158.

Pisk, J. (2006): Can Original Ancient ‘Sport’ be a Model for Modern Sport for All?, International Olympic Academy 14th International Seminar on Olympic Studies For Postgraduate Students, Proceedings Ancient Olympia, https://www.academia.edu/3719638/Can_Original_Ancient_Sport_be_a_Model_for_Modern_Sport_for_All

Pleket, Henri W. ( 1995). Mass-Sport and Local Infrastructure in the Greek Cities of Roman Asia Minor, Stadion 24/1, s.163

Pomeroy, Sarah B., et al., (2004).A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture, New York, Oxford University Press,

Poter, D. (2012). The Victors Crown, New York, Oxford University Press,

Romano, D.G. (2018). "What Were the Ancient Olympics Like?,Sport, religion and politics converged in Ancient Olympia", https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/daily-life-and-practice/ancient-olympics-like/

Sabancıoğlu, M.(2004). Barış İçin Olimpiyat Eskiçağ'da Olimpiyatlar Eski Yunan, Toplumsal Tarih, Tarih Vakfı, Sayı- 128

Swaddling J.(2000). Antik Olimpiyat Oyunları,(Çev. Burçak Gürün), Homer Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2000, s.94.

Swaddling, J. (2008).The Ancient Olympic Games (Revised Edition), University of Texas Press.

Sweet, Waldo, E., Sport and Recreation in Ancient Greece: A Sourcebook with Translations, New York, Oxford University Press, 1987.

Tekin, A., Tekin G.(2014). Ancient Greece Period: Sports and Ancient Olimpic Games Journal of History School, Year 7, Issue XVIII, 121-140.

Tekin, O. (2004). "Eski Yunan'da Spor ve Atletizm Oyunları", Toplumsal Tarih Dergisi, sayı 128, ss.6-15.

Toohey, K. and Veal, A. J. (2007). “The Ancient Olympics and their Relevance to the Modern Game”. in: The Olympic Games: A Social Science Perspective. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press.

Türkmen, M. (2017). “Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivi Defterleri (TS.MD.d)’nde: Osmanlıda Güreşçilere Maddi İhsanlar”, Destan-ı Kırkpınar, Kırkpınar Kültürünü Tanıtma ve Yaşatma Derneği Aylık Yayın Organı, ISSN 2587-0947, Haziran, Sayı: 31, ss: 30-32.

Türkmen, M., Alimov, U. (2020). “A Popular Horse Game in Turkestan: Jekpe-Jek (One To One)”, The Journal of International Social Research, 13-(74): 601-607.

Türkmen, M., Belek, K. (2020). “A Respected Social Institution and Sports Lost in The Kyrgyzs: Sayapker Art and Race”, The Journal of International Social Research, Volume: 13 Issue: 74 Year: 2020, pp. 193-200.

Türkmen, M., Doğan, A. (2021). “Kaybolmuş Kadim Bir Folklorik Spor: Sinsin Güreş”, Editor: M. Ilkım, 14. Bölüm, Spor Bilimlerinde Araştırma ve Değerlendirmeler, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 255-274,

Türkmen, M., Useev, N. (2020). “Yakut (Sakha) Traditional Wrestling with its Formation and Development: Khapsagay”, European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science,

Tutel, E. (1998). At Yarışları ve Atlı Sporlar. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınlar

Uzunaslan, A. (2008). Side’de agonistik festivaller. Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Dergisi (XI) 1, s. 120.

Young, D. C. (1983). Professionalism in Arcaic and Classical Greek Athletics, The Ancient World, 45-51

The Characteristics of Awards in Sports During the Ancient Greek and Near Eastern Societies

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

References

Downloads

Published

Issue

Section

License

Make a Submission

Language

Keywords