An investigation of the relationship between football fans’ fanaticism, spitefulness, and revenge levels
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https://doi.org/10.70736/ijoess.1987Keywords:
Fanaticism, Football, Revenge, Spitefulness, FansAbstract
This study investigated the differences in football fans’ levels of fanaticism, revenge, and spitefulness according to their sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the relationships among these variables. The research was conducted using a relational survey model, with a sample of 564 fans voluntarily selected from different football clubs across Turkey. Data were collected through the Football Fanaticism Scale, the Revenge Scale, and the Spitefulness Scale. The findings revealed that male fans exhibited higher levels of fanaticism, revenge, and spitefulness compared to female fans. Younger fans showed stronger tendencies toward revenge, whereas older fans demonstrated lower levels of fanaticism. Single participants scored higher on fanaticism and revenge than married individuals, while official club members displayed higher levels of both fanaticism and revenge. In addition, fans who watched matches on television had higher fanaticism levels than those who did not, and those attending away matches demonstrated greater fanaticism tendencies. The most striking result was the significant negative correlation between football fanaticism scores and revenge; as fanaticism increased (indicated by lower scores on the scale), revenge levels also rose. These findings highlight the importance of developing violence-prevention and awareness programs targeting particularly young, male, and single fans, and underscore the need for clubs to implement strategies that channel fan identity and attachment into a peaceful culture of support.
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