e-ISSN: 2146-1961

Plagiarism Policy

Originality, Similarity Screening, and Plagiarism Policy

Originality of Submissions

The Journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and research integrity. All manuscripts submitted to the Journal must represent original scholarly work, must not have been published previously in whole or in part, and must not be under consideration for publication elsewhere.

By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that their work complies with internationally accepted standards of academic integrity and publication ethics. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all ideas, data, figures, tables, images, and text derived from the work of others are appropriately cited and acknowledged.


Similarity Screening

All submitted manuscripts undergo an originality and similarity assessment before entering the peer-review process.

The Journal performs similarity screening using recognized academic plagiarism detection software, including iThenticate or equivalent professional similarity detection systems. Similarity reports are obtained exclusively by the Editorial Office.

The Journal does not evaluate manuscripts solely on the basis of an overall similarity percentage. Instead, Editorial decisions are based on a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the similarity report, considering:

  • the source and nature of the similarities;

  • the location of the similarities within the manuscript;

  • whether appropriate citations and quotations have been provided;

  • the extent of textual overlap with individual sources;

  • disciplinary writing conventions;

  • the originality of the scientific contribution; and

  • whether the identified similarities constitute acceptable scholarly practice or potential publication misconduct.

Accordingly, no universal similarity threshold is applied. Each manuscript is evaluated individually according to internationally accepted principles of publication ethics.


Unacceptable Textual Overlap

The following practices are considered unacceptable regardless of the overall similarity score:

  • substantial verbatim copying from previously published works;

  • extensive block quotations without appropriate academic justification;

  • patchwriting or superficial paraphrasing of existing publications;

  • excessive dependence on previously published text, even when cited;

  • unattributed reproduction of another author's ideas or wording;

  • undisclosed reuse of previously published material by the same author (self-plagiarism);

  • mosaic plagiarism through the combination of text from multiple sources;

  • unauthorized use of figures, tables, illustrations, datasets, or other copyrighted materials.

Properly formatted direct quotations should be used only when academically justified and should remain limited in scope.


Plagiarism and Publication Misconduct

The Journal considers plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, redundant publication, text recycling, data fabrication, data falsification, image manipulation, inappropriate authorship practices, citation manipulation, and any other form of research misconduct to be serious violations of publication ethics.

Examples include, but are not limited to:

  • copying text without proper attribution;

  • presenting another person's ideas as one's own;

  • translation plagiarism;

  • duplicate or redundant publication;

  • undisclosed simultaneous submission to multiple journals;

  • inappropriate reuse of previously published text;

  • unauthorized reuse of tables, figures, images, or datasets;

  • fragmentation ("salami publication") of substantially identical research;

  • citation manipulation;

  • fabricated or falsified data.

Any suspected ethical misconduct will be investigated in accordance with internationally accepted editorial standards.


Self-Plagiarism and Text Recycling

Authors may refer to their previously published work when scientifically appropriate. However, any reuse of previously published material must be fully disclosed and appropriately cited.

Significant textual reuse, duplicate publication, or undisclosed recycling of previously published content may constitute self-plagiarism and may result in editorial action.

Where multiple manuscripts originate from the same dataset, authors must clearly disclose this relationship during submission and demonstrate that each manuscript provides a distinct research question, original analyses, and a meaningful scientific contribution.


Manuscripts Derived from Theses or Dissertations

Manuscripts derived from Master's or Doctoral theses are welcomed provided that this relationship is fully disclosed during submission.

Authors should indicate in the Title Page:

  • the full title of the thesis or dissertation;

  • degree type (Master's or Doctoral);

  • institution granting the degree;

  • year of completion;

  • supervisor(s);

  • thesis repository identifier, where applicable.

Although theses are generally regarded as original academic work rather than prior publications, manuscripts submitted to the Journal should be substantially revised and adapted to the format of a scholarly journal article.


Conference Papers

Manuscripts based on conference presentations, symposium papers, workshop presentations, or conference proceedings may be considered for publication provided that this information is fully disclosed at submission.

The Title Page should specify:

  • conference title;

  • conference date and location;

  • presentation type (oral or poster);

  • whether the conference paper was published as an abstract or full paper.

Where a full conference paper has been published, the submitted manuscript must contain substantial scientific development, including new analyses, expanded interpretation, additional results, or significant conceptual advancement beyond the conference version.


Preprints

Authors should disclose whether the submitted manuscript has previously been deposited on a recognized preprint server or institutional repository.

Where applicable, authors should provide:

  • the name of the repository;

  • DOI or permanent identifier;

  • URL of the preprint.

The Editorial Office will evaluate preprint submissions in accordance with the Journal's publication policies.


Similarity Reports

Similarity reports are generated exclusively by the Editorial Office using licensed similarity detection software.

Reports submitted by authors are not accepted as substitutes for the Journal's official similarity assessment.

Authors are nevertheless encouraged to evaluate the originality of their manuscripts prior to submission and ensure appropriate citation practices throughout the manuscript.


Editorial Assessment

When similarity concerns or potential publication misconduct are identified, the Editorial Office may:

  • request clarification from the authors;

  • require manuscript revision;

  • request correction of citations or references;

  • suspend peer review;

  • reject the manuscript before peer review;

  • terminate editorial evaluation;

  • notify the authors' institution when appropriate;

  • initiate correction, retraction, or other post-publication actions where necessary.

Editorial decisions are based upon the severity, context, and scientific significance of the identified concerns.

Serious cases of plagiarism or research misconduct may result in immediate rejection without external peer review.


Authors' Responsibilities

By submitting a manuscript, all authors confirm that:

  • the manuscript represents original work;

  • all sources have been properly acknowledged;

  • appropriate permissions have been obtained where necessary;

  • the manuscript is not under consideration elsewhere;

  • any relationship with previous publications, theses, conference papers, or preprints has been fully disclosed;

  • the manuscript complies with internationally accepted standards of publication ethics.


Confidentiality

Similarity reports are treated as confidential editorial documents and are used solely for editorial evaluation and publication ethics investigations.

Editorial decisions are never based exclusively on numerical similarity scores. Final determinations are made through expert editorial judgment, taking into account the context and academic significance of the identified similarities.


International Publication Ethics Standards

The Journal follows internationally recognized principles of publication ethics and research integrity. Editorial policies are implemented in accordance with the recommendations and best practices established by:

  • Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

  • International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

  • Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing

  • Relevant publisher and indexing standards, including those expected by Scopus-indexed journals.

The Editorial Office reserves the right to update this policy periodically in accordance with developments in international publishing standards and publication ethics.

Last Updated: 20 July 2026