Tarihsel süreçte sporcu kadının medya yoluyla cinselleştirilmesi


DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70736/jrolss.1729Anahtar Kelimeler:
Cinselleştirme, kadın sporcu, medya, nesneleştirme, toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımcılığıÖzet
Bu çalışmada, medyanın kadın sporculara cinsel bir nesne muamelesi yaptığı ve onları bu şekilde istismar ettiği iddialarının ne derece gerçeği yansıttığı, medyanın kadın sporcuyu hangi yollarla cinselleştirdiği ve kadın sporcuların medyanın uyguladığı cinsel nesneleştirmeye tepkileri, mevcut bilgi ve belgelere dayanarak anlaşılmaya ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Kadın sporcuların medyadaki kapsamını inceleyen önceki çalışmaların sayısının sınırlı olmasından hareketle tasarlanan bu nitel yöntemli çalışmada, döküman analizi ve literatür taraması, veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. İncelenecek dökümanlara ulaşabilmek için YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, SOBİAD, WoS, EBSCO, Scopus, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, Embase, DOAJ, Historical Abstracts, SciFinder Scholar, CORE, ASC, ERIC (via ProQuest), Sociological Abstracts ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında gelişmiş tarama yapılmıştır. Kapsama alınan dökümanlar okunarak anlaşılmış, analiz edilmiş, değerlendirilmiş ve bir senteze ulaşılmıştır. Kadın sporcuların medya tarafından aleni bir biçimde sistematik toplumsal cinsiyet ayrımına ve cinsel nesneleştirmeye tabi tutulduğu, niceliksel medya kapsamının erkek sporculara göre oldukça yetersiz olduğu, kadın sporcuların ağırlıklı olarak kullanılan görseller ve dil ile cinselleştirildiği, kadın sporcu ve kadın sporunun başarılarının kasıtlı olarak önemsizleştirildiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bazı kadın sporcuların popülerlik ve sponsorluk beklentileriyle medyanın cinselleştirme eylemlerini onayladığı, diğer bir kısmının buna şiddetle karşı çıktığı anlaşılmıştır. Cinsel nesneleştirmeyi önlemek için medya endüstrisi ve spor kuruluşları olumlu kadın sporcu temsillerine yer vermelidir. Özellikle genç kadınların cinselleştirilmiş imgeleri sorgulama ve eleştirme becerileri, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği ve medya okuryazarlığı eğitimi ile geliştirilmelidir. Cinsel nesneleştirmeye toplumsal olarak da tepki gösterilmelidir. Medyanın cinselleştirilmiş kadın bedenlerine olan bağımlılığının nedenleri bilimsel olarak daha çok incelenmeli ve tartışılmalıdır.
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