The Turkish adaptation of the gamer experience scale in the sports video games
Abstract views: 496
/ 
PDF downloads: 304
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7989075Keywords:
Video sports, Gamer, Gamer experienceAbstract
This study aims to adapt the scale developed to measure player experience in sports video games into Turkish. The scale aims at examining the gaming experience of gamers in sports video games through 6 sub-dimensions. The participants of the research consist of individuals who actively play sports video games. Accordingly, the research group consists of a total of 250 people, 244 of them are men (97.6%) and 6 of them are women (2.40%). IBM SPSS 25.0 package program and LISREL program were used in the statistical operations of the data obtained from the research group. To test the validity and reliability of the scale, item analysis, reliability analysis, item-total correlation analysis, item discrimination analysis and explanatory factor analysis were performed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the scale and its sub-dimensions, fit indices, AVE-CR and reliability values were examined. Considering the findings, it was determined that x2/df=2.101, CFI= 0.99, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.99, NFI= 0.98, RMR=0.063, SRMR= 0.038. The fit indices show that the Turkish version of the scale is within the accepted limits. Cronbach's Alpha and CR values of the sub-dimensions in the Turkish version of the scale range between 0.82 and 0.96. In addition, it was detected that the AVE values ranged between 0.63 and 0.86. As a result, it has been determined that the Turkish version of the gamer experience in sports video games scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool consisting of 21 items and 6 sub-dimensions.
References
Aiken, L. S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage.
Akkemik, S., & Timur, Ş. (2019). Sayısal oyun tasarımında oyuncu deneyimi: Mobil oyunlarda oyuncu tercihleri üzerine bir araştırma. Online Journal of Art and Design, 7(4), 148-159.
Aksu, G., Eser, M.T. ve Güzeller, C.O. (2017). Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulamaları. İstanbul: Detay Yayıncılık.
Aytekin, P., & Ay, C. (2015). Hedonik tüketim ve anlık satın alma ilişkisi. Academic Review Of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 8(1), 141-157.
Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173- 1182.
Beaton, D.E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, & F., Ferraz, M. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.
Brislin, R.W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner, J. W. Berry (Eds.). in: Field methods in educational research (137-164). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Brown, R., Wey, H., & Foland, K. (2018). The relationship among change fatigue, resilience, and jop satiscaftion of hospital satff nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, (50), 306-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12373
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2009). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, spss uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2019). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2010). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Byrne, B.M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. New York: Routledge.
Catell, R. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis. Behavioural and Life Sciences. Plenum Press. New York and London.
Cianfrone, B.A., Zhang, J.J., Trail, G.T., & Lutz, R.J. (2008). “Effectiveness on in-game advertisements in sport video games: an experimental inquiry on current gamers.” International Journal of Sport Communication, 1(2), 195- 218.
Clavio, G., Kraft, P., & Pedersen, P. M. (2009). Communicating with consumers through video games: Ananalysis of brand development within the video gaming segment of the sport industry. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, (10), 143 – 156
Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: Spss ve Lisrel uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage publications.
Field, A., Hole, & G. (2008). How to design and report experiments. Los Angeles: Sage.
Fornell, C., Larcker, & D.F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research 18(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update. Boston: Pearson.
Gül, M., Gül, O. & Uzun, R. (2019). Participation motivation scale for e-sports: Validity and reliability study (PMSES). Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 21 (2), 281-294. DOI: 10.15314/tsed.563111
Hair, J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.
Hogarty, K.Y., Hines, C.V., Kromrey, J.D., Ferron, J.M., & Mumford, K.R. (2005). The quality of factor solutions in exploratory factor analysis: The influence of sample size, communality and overdetermination. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(2), 202-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644042672
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M.R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic journal of business research methods, 6(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Insider Intelligence (2022. Esports Ecosystem in 2023: Key industry companies, viewership growth trends, and market revenue stats. https://www.insiderintelligence.com/insights/esports-ecosystem-market-report/ E.T: 10.10.2022
Kan, A., & Akbaş, A. (2005). Lise öğrencilerinin kimya dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 227-237.
Kan, A., & Akbaş, A. (2005). Lise öğrencilerinin kimya dersine yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 227-237. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mersinefd/issue/17391/181763
Kartal, M. (2020). Küreselleşme bağlamında Türkiye’de e-spor. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Malatya.
Kim, Y., & Ross, S. (2006). An exploration of motives in sport video gaming. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 8(1),34–46.
Kim, Y., Walsh, P., & Ross, S. D. (2008). An examination of the psychological and consumptive behaviors of sport video gamers. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(1), 44-53.
Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Krosnick, J. A., & Fabrigar, L. R. (1997). Designing rating scales for effective measurement in surveys. In L. Lyberg, P. Biemer, M. Collins, E. D. Leeuw, C. Dippo, N. Schwarz, & D. Trewin (Eds.), Survey measurement and process quality: Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics.
Kwak, D.H., Clavio, G.E., Eagleman, A.N., & Kim, K.T. (2010). Exploring the antecedents and consequences of personalizing sport video game experiences. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 19(4), 216-225.
Lee, S., Seo, W.J., & Green, B.C. (2013). Understanding why people play fantasy sport: development of the fantasy sport motivation inventory (FanSMI). European Sport Management Quarterly, 13(2), 166–199.
Leng, H. K., & Pyun, D. Y. (2018). Development of a scale to measure gamer experiences in sport video games. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 18(5), 417-429. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2018.094348
MacCallum, R.C., Browne, M.W., & Sugawara, H.M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130-49.
MacCallum, R.C., Widaman, K.F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84
Nacke, L. E.,Drachen, A., Kuikkaniemi, K., Niesenhaus, J., Korhonen, H. J., & Hoogen, W. M. v. d., … et all. (2009). Playabilityand Player experience research. proceedings of DiGRA 2009: Breaking New Ground: Innovation in Games, Play, PracticeandTheory, London, UK.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). An Overview of Psychological Measurement. In: Wolman, B.B. (eds) Clinical diagnosis of mental disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2490-4_4
Preston, C.C., & Colman, A.M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: Reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 104(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
Scherer, R F., Wiebe, F. A., Luther, D. C., & Adams J. S. (1988), Dimensionality of coping: Factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire, Psychological Reports, (62), 763-770
Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
Uzun R. N., Çebi M., Şahin T. & Ceylan L. (2022). Elektronik spor’un yönetim gelişimbileşenler açısından yüzeysel incelenmesi. Sosyal, Beşerî ve İdari Bilimler Temel Alanında Akademik Çalışmalar, Artıkel Akademi.
Vegara-Ferri, J. M., Ibáñez-Ortega, D., Carboneros, M., López-Gullón, J. M. & Angosto, S. (2020). Evaluation of the tourist perception of the spectator in an e sport event. Publicaciones, 50(1), 371-384.
Witkowski, E. (2012). On the digital playing field: How we “do sport” with net worked computer games. Games and Culture, 7(5), 349-374.
Yıldırım, Ü., & Tamer, E. T. (2022). Elektronik spor turizmi: Elektronik spor izleyicileri üzerine bir araştırma, Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 728-743.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
