The effect of RWL on physical performance and physiology in weight athletes: A systematic review

Abstract

Athletes in combat sports try to gain an advantage in their weight classes by using various rapid weight loss strategies. However, these methods may not only cause athletes to experience negative physiological changes but also negatively affect their athletic performance. In this context, the current review systematically reviewed the existing literature in order to examine which rapid weight loss methods are most preferred by combat athletes and how the rapid weight loss methods they use affect physiological and performance parameters. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Taylor & Francis databases were searched for the keywords “rapid weight loss OR acute weight loss” AND “physiological effect OR blood pressure OR blood values ​​OR hormonal changes” AND “physical performance OR athletic performance OR physical condition OR recovery”. The search results were limited to studies between the years 2019-2024. Methodologically, experimental studies that used a specific rapid weight loss method were examined. Reasoned exclusion criteria were applied and a total of 8 articles were examined in the review. As a result, dehydration due to rapid weight loss methods can have negative effects even in the short term, such as increased heart rate, headache, hot flushes, nausea, and dizziness, which can disrupt the athlete's comfort during the competition. Despite being aware of the dangers, rapid weight loss methods used by athletes and coaches increase the risk of serious muscle loss.